II. Тест з читання текстів

Завдання 1.

Інструкція: Прочитайте текст без словника. Виберіть правильний варіант завершення поданих нижче речень відповідно до змісту прочитаного тексту. На окремому бланку для відповідей позначте правильний варіант відповіді. Приклад (0) зроблений для вас.

William Henry Perkin

0. William Perkin was born in East End of London. His father was a successful carpenter. His mother, Sarah, was of Scottish descent but moved to East London as a child.

1. In 1853, at the age of 15, Perkin entered the Royal College of Chemistry in London, where he began his studies under the illustrious August Wilhelm von Hofmann. During the Easter break in 1856, when Hofmann had returned for a visit to his native Germany, Perkin tried some further experiments in his crude laboratory in his apartment on the top floor of his home in Cable Street in East London. It was here that he made his great discovery, that aniline could be partly transformed into a crude mixture that when extracted with alcohol gave an intense purple (пурпуровий) colour.

2. They satisfied themselves that they might be able to scale up (розширити) the discovery and commercialize it as a dye, which they called mauveine. Their initial experiments indicated that it dyed silk in a way that was stable against washing and light. They sent some samples to a dye works in Perth, Scotland, and received a very promising reply from the general manager of the company, Robert Pullar. The colour purple, which had been used since ancient times as a mark of aristocracy and prestige, was especially expensive, it came from the certain molluscs. The process to produce it was variable and complicated, so Perkin and his brother understood that they were onto a possible substitute that could be made into a commercial success.

3. Perkin could not have chosen a better time or place for his discovery. England was the cradle of the Industrial Revolution, largely driven by advances in the production of textiles, the science of chemistry had advanced to the point that it could have a major impact on industrial processes and coal tar, the major source of his raw material was being produced in abundance as a waste product of the production of coal gas and coke.

4. Inventing the dye was one thing, raising the capital, manufacturing it in quantity cheaply, adapting it to cotton, getting acceptance from commercial dyers, and creating demand for it in the public was something else. Perkin was active in all of these areas. In a whirlwind of activity, he got his father to put up the capital, his brothers to partner in the creation of a factory, he invented a mordant for cotton, became a one man technical service operation, and publicized it in the market place.

5. The true significance of Perkin's work was in snowing that science and common everyday business and consumerism could co-exist. Even at the age of 18, he demonstrated chemistry could be extremely lucrative, for many scientists at that time were concerned solely with academia. After Perkin's discovery, innumerable new aniline dyes appeared (some discovered by Perkin himself), and the factories required to produce them were constructed all across Europe, launching what amounted to an international trade war in fabrics and dyes.

1. William Perkin was born in …

A) Great Britain

B) France

C) Italy

41. Perkin discovered the dye which was called …

A) violet

B) golden

C) mauveline

42. The colour purple was especially …

A) cheap

B) expensive

C) the most purchased

43. Perkin invented a mordant for …

A) wool

B) silk

C) cotton

44. England had a great advances in the production of …

A) wines

B) textiles

C) papers

45. Perkin’s work showed that science and common everyday business and consumerism could ...

A) cooperate

B) cowork

C) coexist

Завдання 2.

Інструкція. Визначте правильність / неправильність поданого твердження відповідно змісту прочитаного тексту. Виберіть Т (твердження правильне) та F (твердження неправильне). Напишіть ваші відповіді на бланку.

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0. Perkin was born in East End of London.

46. In 1853 Perkin entered the Royal College of Chemistry in London.

47. Mauvline dyed silk and it was stable against washing and light.

48. The colour purple came from the certain plants.

49. The colour purple was used as a mark of aristocracy and prestige.

50. Perkin didn’t discover aniline.

Завдання 3.

Інструкція: За списком заголовків, поданих нижче (A - H), підберіть назву до кожної частини тексту. Два заголовки є зайвими. Напишіть відповіді на бланку. Приклад (0) зроблений для вас.

0. A)Perkin’s biography.

51. B) The true significance of Perkin’s work.

52. C) England – a cradle of Industrial Revolution.

53. D) Perkin’s invention.

54. E) Hofmann’s discovery.

55. F) Perkin’s activity and study.

56. G) The importance of mauveine.

57. H) The process of dyeing.

Завдання 4.

Інструкція: Прочитайте текст. Доповніть речення у тексті словами, які підходять за змістом із поданих варіантів. Напишіть ваші відповіді на бланку. Приклад (0) зроблений для вас.