IV. Look through the following sentences and translate the words in italics, paying attention to Participle II.

Example:

used – используемый, использованный

is used – используется

can be used – может использоваться

1. One form of energy can be changed into another.

2. The sources of energy usually employed to produce current are either chemical, or mechanical.

3. Energy of some kind must be employed to generate the electric current.

4. The great quantities of electric energy generated today come from various forms of mechanical energy.

5. The energy of falling water is generally used to turn the turbines of hydroelectric station.

6. Melted metals are used in industry.

7. Electric current is employed in everyday life.

V. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Падающая вода вращает турбины гидроэлектростанций.

2. Падающая вода может приводить в действие турбину.

3. Турбины приводят в движение электрические генераторы.

4. Механическая энергия падающей воды превращается в электрическую энергию.

5. Вообще говоря, химические источники энергии имеют ограниченное применение.

6. В настоящее время необходимо искать новые источники энергии.

7. Солнце является неограниченным источником энергии.

8. Лавуазье использовал солнечные печи, плавя металлы.

9. Работая в лаборатории, студент пользовался электрическими приборами.

10. Говоря об энергии, мы можем упомянуть потенциальную и кинетическую энергию.

VI. Say what you know about kinds of energy and give examples. Unit 3. Atomic energy

I. Pronounce the following words and word combinations, try to remember their meanings.

Words and Word Combinations

single ['sINgl] adj отдельный; единичный; взятый в отдельности

drop [drOp] n капля

certainly ['sWt(q)nlI] adv конечно, естественно, непременно

count [kaunt] v вычислять, подсчитывать, считать

split (split, split) [splIt] v раскалывать; расщеплять, разбивать на части

in order to ['Ldq] для того, чтобы

quantity ['kwOntqtI] n количество; численность, число

coal [kqul] n (каменный) уголь

fuel ['fjuql] n топливо, горючее

replace [rI'pleIs] v заменять, замещать

heat [hJt] n теплота

reliable [rI'laIqbl] adj безотказный, надёжный

nuclear ['njHklIq] adj ядерный; относящийся к атомному ядру; относящийся к ядерной энергии

pipe [paIp] n труба, трубопровод

steam [stJm] n пар

contain [kqn'teIn] v содержать в себе, включать, иметь в своём составе; вмещать

achieve [q'CJv] v добиваться, достигать

directly [dI'rektlI] adj непосредственно, сразу

utilization ["jHtIlaI'zeIS(q)n] n использование

II. Read some international words from the text and guess their meanings:

atom, milliard, secret, reactor, product, circulate, uranium, million, construct, installation.

III. Read and translate the text paragraph by paragraph and do the tasks.

I, II

A man trying to see a single atom is like a man trying to see a single drop of water in the sea while he is flying high above it. He will see the sea made up of a great many drops of water but he certainly will not be able to see a single drop. By the way, there are so many atoms in the drop of water that if one could count one atom a second, day and night, it would take one hundred milliard years. But that is certainly impossible.

Man has, however, learned the secret of atom. He has learned to split atoms in order to get great quantities of energy. Atomic energy replacing the present sources of energy, the latter will probably find various new applications. As for coal, it is not only a fuel and it will therefore never lose its importance. We cannot do without it and it may find some other important applications. For example, coal will be used to get various products.

Which sentences from the text correspond to these Russian ones?

1. Человек, пытающийся рассмотреть отдельный атом, похож на человека, пытающегося рассмотреть отдельную каплю воды в море, пролетая над ним.

2. Между прочим, в капле воды так много атомов, что, если бы кто-то мог считать по атому в секунду, день и ночь, это бы заняло сотню миллиардов лет.

3. Атомная энергия заменит существующие источники энергии, и она, возможно, найдет различные новые использования.

Fill in the blanks with proper words from the text:

1. Can anybody ... drops of water in the sea?

2. Our basic source of energy is ... .

3. Probably, the present sources of energy will be changed by ... energy.

Answer the questions:

1. What is the most important fuel and our basic source of energy at present?

2. What do scientists get by splitting atoms?

3. Will coal lose its importance?

4. What will it be used for?

III

The nuclear reactor will possibly be one of the reliable "furnaces" producing atomic energy. Being used to produce energy, the reactor produces it in the form of heat. In other words, atoms splitting in the reactor, heat is developed. Gas, water, melted metals, and some other liquids circulating through the reactor carry that heat away. The heat may be carried to pipes of the steam generator containing water. The resulting steam drives turbine, the turbine in its turn driving an electric generator. So, we see that nuclear power station is like any other power station but the familiar coal-burning furnaces are replaced by a nuclear one. However, a ton of uranium (nuclear fuel) can give us as much energy as 2,5 to 3,0 million tons of coal.

Which sentences from the text correspond to these Russian ones?

1. Будучи используемым для производства энергии, реактор производит её в форме тепла.

2. Другими словами, при расщеплении атома в реакторе вырабатывается тепло.

Fill the blanks with proper words from the text:

1. The nuclear reactor produces ... energy.

2. Water and other ..., such as melted metals, circulate through the reactor.

Answer the questions:

1. What will possibly be one of the reliable "furnaces" producing atomic energy?

2. What circulates through the reactor and carries heat away?

3. What does the resulting steam drive?

4. What drives electric generators?

IV

The first industrial nuclear power station in the world was constructed in Obninsk not far from Moscow in 1954. One may mention here that the station in question was put into operation two years earlier than the British one and three and a half year earlier than American nuclear power station. It was put out of action in April, 2002. There is a Museum of Nuclear Power Engineering there now.

Speaking of the peaceful utilization of atomic energy in Russia, one can also mention the Kola nuclear power plant, situated in the Murmansk region. There are two reactors and three turbines there. The first reactor supplies energy to one of the turbines and has capacity of 100,000 kilowatts, the second one generating steam to drive two turbines of 100,000 kilowatts each. The energy generated by the above plant is supplied to industrial enterprises of the region and transmitted to Karelia.

Which sentences from the text correspond to these Russian ones?

1. Здесь можно упомянуть, что данная станция была введена в строй на два года раньше, чем британская, и на полгода раньше, чем американская.

2. Говоря о мирном использовании атомной энергии в России, можно также упомянуть о Кольской атомной станции, расположенной в Мурманской области.

3. Энергия, генерируемая вышеупомянутой станцией, поставляется на промышленные предприятия области и передается в Карелию.

Fill in the blanks with proper words from the text:

1. Obninsk station was put … … in 1954.

2. The second reactor generates … to drive two turbines.

3. The … of the first reactor is 100,000 kilowatts.

Answer the questions:

1. Where was the first nuclear power station in the world constructed?

2. Is it still working?

3. What nuclear power station in our region can you name?

4. Where is the power generated there supplied to?

5. Where is it transmitted to?

V

Russian scientists and engineers achieved a nuclear superheating of steam directly in the reactor itself. By the way, such a nuclear superheating of steam directly in the reactor before it is carried into the turbine was achieved for the first time in the world. It is certainly an important contribution to nuclear engineering.

We might mention here another important achievement, that is, the first nuclear installation where thermal energy generated in the reactor is transformed directly into electric energy.

Which sentences from the text correspond to these Russian ones?

1. Русские ученые и инженеры достигли перегрева пара непосредственно в самом реакторе.

2. Это, несомненно, важный вклад в атомную технику.

Fill in the blanks with proper words from the text:

1. Steam is superheated directly in the reactor … .

2. The first nuclear installation where thermal energy generated in the reactor is an important … of Russian nuclear physicists and engineers.

Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to Participle Construction (Nominative Absolute Participle Construction).

1. Working at his new device, the inventor made numerous experiments.

2. Atomic energy being developed in a reactor in the form of heat, we can get both heat and power.

3. Being a source of heat and power, atomic energy can also serve as a source of useful products.

4. The energy sources of the world decreasing, it is necessary to turn to atomic energy.

Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Для того, чтобы получить большое количество энергии, человек научился расщеплять атом.

2. Ядерный реактор производит энергию в форме тепла.

3. Сейчас там находится музей атомной энергетики.

4. Эта энергия преобразуется непосредственно в электрическую энергию.