4. Listening comprehension

4.1 You will hear a lecture. After the lecture you will hear some statements. The lecture and questions will be spoken just one time. When you hear a statement, read the three possible answers, and decide which one would be the best answer to the statement you have heard.

1. The crystal rind is covered by

A. condensed atmosphere components

B. volatile atmosphere components

C. ocean volatile components

2. The mantle lies under

A. oxide rich shells

B. rocky exterior

C. concentric shells

3. They are

A. constructing blocks

B. constructing rocks

C. constructing layers

4. The main factor is

A. sunlight only

B. the Earth itself

C. physicochemical evolution

5. The following systems

A. protection

B. interconnected

C. biological

4.2 You will hear part of a radio report about the earth as a planet of our solar system. For statements 6- 15, complete the notes that summarize what the speaker says. You will need to write a word or a short phrase in each box.

Earth is a		6
The Earth is the third planet to		7
The planets don’t fly into space because of		8
Life on Earth is due to		9
Each rotation produces		10
The Moon completes		11
while Earth completes		12
This is an Earth’s		13
The Earth is separated from the other bodies by		14
So, the solar system comprises		15

4.3. You will hear a lecture on the Earth’s origin. For statements 16-20, choose the best answer a, b, c, d.

16. Which of the following elements are the lightest?

1. hydrogen and oxygen

2. hydrogen and helium

3. helium and carbon

4. hydrogen and carbon

17. What is the meaning of «blob»?

1. dense spot

2. locked particle

3. abundant element

4. considering clouds

18. After burning helium, stars swell into

1. dwarfs

2. galaxies

3. giants

4. planets

19. What does the following passage describe?

1. how the Earth was created

2. how the “ big bang” changed the Earth

3. how immense explosions created new stars

4. how new stars created different elements

20. What would the author discuss in the following passage?

1. star factories

2. rare and common elements

3. the life of a star

4. how the Sun and planets were formed

5. Discussion: (r.P – 3.1, 3.3)

1. Situational game-

Imagine that you are the crust (the mantle, the core). What’s happening in your body?

2. The earth

Use the charts below and the supplementary texts from SELF-STUDY BOOKLET- (SUPPLEMENTARY READING COMPREHENSION MATERIAL -PG.90)

(BRAINSTORMING – is an activity which aims to help students with this important pre-writing stage of getting ideas together. In this task, it is a pair-work activity.)

STAGE 1:

Group work responding to a text discussion. During this stage, each group will discuss its own topic.

G ROUP A

GROUP B

STAGE 2: Sharing ideas of response to the text. Divide the students into new groups, so that each group has a member with different information.

A B A B

stress

Now the members of each new group will share their ideas.

STAGE 3: Now each student must jot down all the information he/she remembers.

I. Jig-saw plan (1-2 minute) short one-point talk

II. Multi-point conversation (5 minutes)

Lower mantle

• 1793-652 miles

• solid

• composition similar to olivine

• fairly even composition

• density 470-358 lb/cubic ft

• temperature 5040-3240⁰ F

• 68.3% Earth’s mass

Oceanic crust

• outermost 3-6 miles below oceans

• solid

• average composition similar to that of basalt

• high silica and magnesium - SIMA

• distinctive from mantle in its composition-more silica

Outer core

• 3762-1793 miles

• liquid

• moving about

• producing the Earth’s magnetic field

• iron-sulfur mixture

• density 950-770 lb/cubic ft

• temperature 5760⁰ F

• 29.3% Earth’s mass

Continental crust

• outermost 16-56 miles representing the continental masses

• composition extremely complex

• averaging granite

• high in silica and aluminum - SIAL

• density 195 lb/cubic ft

• 2.5 denser water

• temperature 1148-32⁰ F

• 0.7% Earth’s mass

• 0.7% 0f the Earth’s mass

Inner core

• Center

• 3958-3762 miles

• solid

• iron-nickel alloy

• density 1017 lb/cubic ft

• temperature 8100⁰ F

• 1.7% Earth’s mass

Upper mantle

• 249 miles to 56 miles between continents

• 3 miles beneath oceans

• solid

• composition as the mantle

• rich in olivine

• density 233 lb/cubic ft

• temperature 2340-1148⁰ F

ti

6. WORDLIST

6.1 PRONUNCIATION

6. WORDLIST

6.1 PRONUNCIATION

6.2 TERMS

asthenosphere	астеносфера
atmosphere	атмосфера
Crust	кора
hydrosphere	гидросфера
inner core	внутреннее ядро
lithosphere	литосфера
Mantle	мантия
Mohorovicic discontinuity ( moho / M )	граница/раздел Mохоровичича
outer core	внешнее ядро
transition zone	переходная зона

6.3 WORDS AND PHRASES

Abundance	изобилие, масса
Abundant	обильный, богатый
accumulation	накопление
Alloy	сплав
Anomaly	аномалия, отклонение
Artificial	искусственный
Bump	выпуклость, вздутие
Compound	сложный
compression	сжатие
Density	плотность
Dip	откос, падение, впадина
Equator	экватор
Film	оболочка, пленка
Fluid	текучая среда, флюид
Gravimeter	гравиметр
Gravitation	гравитация, притяжение
Gravity	сила тяжести
Kink	изгиб
Layer	слой
measurement	измерение, размеры
Molten	расплавленный
mountain range	горный хребет
Oblate	сплющенный (у полюсов)
Poison	яд
Poisonous	ядовитый
Pole	полюс
Primeval	первоначальный, древний
Rocky	каменистый
Satellite	спутник
Shape	форма
Sluggish	медленный
Spin	вращение
to account for	вычислять, составлять, насчитывать
to bulge	выдаваться, выпячиваться
to cause	послужить причиной, поводом
to cool	охлаждать, остывать
to evolve	развивать
to flatten	становиться плоским
to harden	затвердевать
to identify	определять, отождествлять
to liquefy	превращать в жидкое состояние
to oversimplify	чрезмерно упрощать
to reflect	отражать
to reinforce	укреплять, усиливать
to reveal	открывать
to sort out	сортировать
to tend to	иметь тенденцию, быть склонным
to work out	найти решение
volatile component	летучая компонента
Volume	объем, масса
Wrinkle	морщина, складка