Chapter II Vocabulary and Practice Describing Graphs: Vocabulary
Verbs |
Nouns |
UP movement |
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DOWN movement |
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NO CHANGE |
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CHANGE |
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AT THE TOP |
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AT THE BOTTOM |
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RECOVER |
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Degrees of change
Adjectives:
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Adverbs:
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Speed of change (over time)
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abrupt
sudden
rapid
quick
steady
gradual
slow
Prepositions
a rise from $10 to $12
to increase by 50%
to fall by 30%
an increase of 7.5 per cent over last year
at х
PRACTICE
Task 1. Place the words in the right column, then add a few more words of your own
be constant increase drop decrease
plateau recovery fall go down
growth improvement level off plunge
reduction rise shoot up soar
stability stagnation stand at stay at
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Verbs |
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Verbs |
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Verbs |
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Verbs |
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Verbs |
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Nouns |
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Nouns |
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Nouns |
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Nouns |
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Task 2. Adjectives can be used to describe the degree of change. Do you know the corresponding adverbs ?
A dramatic fall |
to fall ………………… |
An abrupt rise |
to rise ……………….. |
A sudden decline |
to decline ……………… |
A moderate grow |
to grow ……………… |
A slight increase |
to increase …………….. |
A rapid drop |
to drop ………………… |
A gradual decline |
to decline …………… |
A steady recover |
to recover …………… |
Erratic sales |
to sell ………………….. |
A constant levelling off |
to level off ……………… |
Task 3. Complete the second sentence so that it has the similar meaning to the first sentence.
In the late afternoon, numbers fall rapidly, reaching a low of approximately 100. There is a ____________________ in the late afternoon, reaching a low of approximately 100.
At 8 in the morning, passenger numbers peak at about 400. There is a ______________________ at about 400 at 8 in the morning.
In the next two hours, figures fall sharply to under 200. There is a _______________________ in the next two hours. (4- 7 words in answer)
Numbers rise slightly in the afternoon. There is a ________________________ in the afternoon
Numbers increase in the next two hours, peaking at around 400. There is ____________________ in the next two hours, peaking at around 400.
Between 6 and 10 pm, figures fluctuate greatly. There is a ____________________________ in the figures between 6 and 10 pm.
From 6 to 8 in the evening, numbers drop dramatically. There is ______________________ in numbers from 6 to 8 in the evening. (2 -3 words)
The number of passengers decreases significantly from 6 to 8 pm. There is __________________________ the number of passengers from 6 to 8 pm. (3 - 4 words)
Finally, numbers rise and fall marginally in the last couple of hours. There is a ______________________ in the last couple of hours.
The number of commuters increases and decreases slightly in the final two hours. There is ________________________ the number of commuters in the final two hours. (5-6 words)
Task 4. Choose the correct answer, considering the graph presented:
The graph _____________________ between the end of 2004 and the middle of 2009.
displays the data of sterling
shows how the value of sterling changed
gives information about sterling
Overall, we can see that the value of sterling __________ against the Hong Kong dollar.
rose
risen
fall
fell
The value of sterling increased _______________ during the first three quarters of 2007.
dramatically
steadily
peak
sharply
Between June and December 2008, sterling ________ ________ against the Hong Kong dollar.
rose steadily
fell steadily
rose sharply
fell sharply
During the first quarter of 2007, the value of sterling _________ ________
rose sharply
remained steady
reached a peak
fell slightly
The value of sterling reached a peak in __________
early 2009
Jan 2006
the middle of 2007
the middle of 2008
The value of sterling fell from over _______ Hong Kong dollars to under _________ Hong Kong dollars in the second half of 2008.
sixteen, fifteen
fifteen, eleven
fifteen, twelve
The value of sterling rose by around __________ dollars during 2006.
one
one and a half
two
The value of sterling fell ___ around four dollars in the second half of 2008.
to
on
by
for
The value of sterling ______ ______ in the second quarter of 2009.
increased gradually
increased sharply
peaked
remained steady
Task 5. Describe the graphs below. Complete the sentences using appropriate verbs in the correct form from the following list:
peak |
plummet |
increase/rise/go up |
level off |
fluctuate |
decrease/drop/fall/go down |
1. Sales _________ to 30% last month. |
2. Sales_________ at 60 million and then _________ in July. |
3. Profit ________ at 40% last year. |
4. Sales of the new product unfortunately _________ in May. |
5. Things looked bad at the beginning of the year, but in March sales began to _______________ |
6. In the last six months, sales __________ |
Task 6. Match sentences 1-12 below with the drawings A-K. You can use some of the drawings more than once.
. 1. The market is showing some signs of growth. _____
2. The market is extremely volatile. _____
3. The pound slipped back against the dollar. _____
4. The Swiss franc is staging a recovery. _____
5. The yen lost ground slightly. _____
6. There's been a dramatic downturn in the market. _____
7. There's been an upsurge of interest in gold. _____
8. The share price bottomed out at 11 cents. _____
9. Gold peaked at €300 an ounce. _____
10. Profits will level off at around €10,000. _____
11. Sales hit an all-time low. _____
12. There hasn't been much movement in the price of tin _____
Task 7. Fill in the correct word in the description of the graph:
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a low point
declined
doubled
drop
from
increased slightly
recovered
remained
rising sharply
sudden
to
were
In January, gold sales _____________ about 200 million dirhams per month. In February they _____________ to Dhs 220 million, _____________ to a peak of 350 million dirhams in March. Over the next four months, sales _____________ steadily, reaching _____________ of 120 million dirhams in July. In August, there was a _____________ increase. Sales almost _____________, rising _____________ Dhs 120 million in July to Dhs 210 million in August. This was followed by a ____________in September to Dhs 120 million. From September to October, sales _____________ from Dhs 120 million to Dhs 180 million. In October and November, sales _____________steady, and there was a small increase in December _____________ 190 million dirhams.
Task 8. Write sentences using the transitive and intransitive verbs
*Transitive verbs require at least a direct object to complete their meaning (e.g.We raised necessary finance the business), while intransitive verbs do not require any objects (e.g.The price has risen).
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increase |
decrease |
maintain |
increase |
decrease |
stay at |
raise |
drop |
keep |
rise |
drop |
reach a peak |
step up |
cut |
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grow |
decline |
remain stable |
expand |
go down |
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expand |
fall |
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improve |
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improve |
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1.__________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________________
4.__________________________________________________________________
5.__________________________________________________________________
6.__________________________________________________________________
7.__________________________________________________________________
8.__________________________________________________________________
9.__________________________________________________________________
10._________________________________________________________________
Task 9. Choose the correct answer for each question.
Market share increased _________3%, up to 8%.
to
at
by
of
A strong pound meant a fall ____________ exports in 1998.
by
to
in
at
Sales levelled off _________ £5m in 2003.
in
of
to
at
Sales peaked ______ £22m in 2006.
at
to
in
on
Costs rose by £3.3m.This was a rise ________ 10%.
to
of
at
in
Last year there was a drop in sales _________ 9%.
of
for
in
on
European sales went _______ £4.2m to £3.0m.
at
to
from
in
Office software sales fell by 10% __________2007.
in
at
to
on
Task 10. Fill the gaps in the description of the graph:
a peak of fluctuated leveled off rising
rose by sharp increase was
In 1980, the price of New Zealand's wool _________ $1.98 per kilo. It then ______ 20 cents in 1981 before falling back to $1.37 in 1986. There was a __________ over the next two years, with the price of wool reaching __________ $5.13 in 1988. From 1989 to 1993 the price ___________ between a high of $3.20 and a low of $2.75, before ___________ to $4.60 in 1995. After falling again to $3.60 in 1998, the price ___________ at $3.55 in 2000.
Task 11. Select the correct answers below
1.Sales peaked _________ 2,000,000 in 2010.
a. at
on
to
2. Profits rose _________ a low of 4.5 million to a high of 8 million.
to
from
by
3. Sales fluctuated ___________ 5 million and 6 million.
a. between
b. from
c. to
4. Profits fell ________ 10%, from 2000 to 1800.
by
to
from
5. The number of students fell _______ a low of 1800 in 2003.
from
by
to
6. Cases of AIDS shot _____ from 2400 in 1996 to 4000 in 2003.
down
by
up
7. The number of cars sold remained unchanged in 1999, _____ three million.
at
with
to
8. Students do between three _________ four hours homework a night.
from
to
and
9.The number of accidents _______ 1999 was slightly higher than in 2000.
a. by
for
in
10. The figure rose steadily _________ the four years between 1997 and 2001.
during
at
by