Exercise 6

You may practice defining the areas of law asking questions like

“What area of law deals with …. / relates to …….. etc.?”

The better way is to move to the following text and task.

Exercise 7 Business Law

Read the text and define what areas of law Business Law comprises. Refer to the Areas of Law Practice table given above.

A great number of law practice areas form the megafield of Business Law that provides effective regulation of key business activities. Business Law regards legal issues concerning company formation, company running and financial affairs including complex tax matters. Working conditions and regulation of labor and employment relations are also governed by Business Law.

The central area of Business Law is related to contractual relations, which clearly define the rights and obligations of the involved parties. Adjoining here is the area of regulation of sales, trade and commercial transactions. Constant control of fair competition and protection from monopolization are executed within Business law. The following legal matters are advised on and regulated under Business Law:

- protection of exclusive rights of inventors, creators and authors;

- legal issues concerning responsibility for the quality of products and protection from defective goods;

- control over Internet communication property transactions

- business termination and company liquidation.

Lawyers who practice in the area of Business Law are experts in legal procedure in court because their clients, legal entities and individuals, may suffer from violation of civil or criminal law, or even break such laws. Thus, the lawyers must be aware of all the steps taken and methods used in bringing and conducting a civil action and, moreover, the steps taken and methods used in bringing and conducting a criminal action.

So, specialization of a business lawyer means knowledge and skills in a wide range of law areas.

Part 3. How to look up words in a dictionary

A dictionary is a very important tool for anyone who is learning a new language. With a good dictionary you can do the following:

• look up the meaning of an English word you see or hear

• find the English translation of a word in your language

• check the spelling of a word

• check the plural of a noun or past tense of a verb

• find out other grammatical information about a word

• find the synonym or antonym of a word

• look up the collocations of a word

• check the part of speech of a word

• find out how to say a word

• find out about the register of a word

• find examples of the use of a word in natural language

The dictionaries can be bilingual – you will need English – Russian or Russian-English – and monolingual providing a definition.

Finding the right English translation of a word in your language

When you look up a word in your own language in a bilingual dictionary, you will probably find that there is more than one English translation. If you are not sure which to use, you could try a back translation. This means that you look up the English translations one by one in a monolingual dictionary. If a word has a definition that matches the word in your language, you are safe to use it.

Legal dictionaries are trustworthy sources to use to look up unfamiliar terminology - including Latin words and phrases - that you encounter in your legal research or in your other law school courses. The most commonly used legal dictionary in the U.S. is Black's Law Dictionary, but there are a number of others available to legal researchers.

bar, n. (14c) 1. In a courtroom, the railing that separates the front area, where court business is conducted, from the back area, which provides seats for observers; byextension, a similar railing in a legislative assembly <the spectator stood behind the bar>. 2. The whole body of lawyers qualified to practice in a given court orjurisdiction; the legal profession, or an organized subset of it <the attorney's outrageous misconduct disgraced the bar>. See BAR ASSOCIATION. [Cases: Attorney and Client C=>31.]

Online dictionaries

www. multitran.ru

English–Russian and Russian-English

There is a list of topics that provide special topic pages where you will find collocations (словосочетания) and phrases with the word.

MULTITRAN

judge judge сущ. | Вебстер | фразы | g-sort общ. судья; арбитр; эксперт; ценитель; знаток; неподкупный судья; член жюри; бизн. третейский судья геол. линейка для замера работ психол. эксперт (оценивающий действия испытуемого) спорт. боковой судья (борьба ssn); старший судья (ssn); угловой судья (ssn) экон. выносить приговор юр. судья judge гл. в начало общ. судить; выносить приговор; составлять мнение; оценивать; считать; полагать; быть арбитром; решать; оценить; рассудить; рассчитывать; посудить; составить себе мнение; приходить к выводу; осуждать; порицать; осудить; заключать; рассматривать; давать оценку (чему-л.); решать вопрос общ. оценивать (об электронном устройстве контроля); оценить (состояние) агрохим. бонитировать бизн. выносить решение; делать вывод бухг. быть экспертом Макаров оценивать (что-л.); судить (делать вывод) матем. составлять суждение психол. составить себе мнение; высказывать суждение экон. судить юр. рассматривать дело; рассматривать дело в суде (Право международной торговли On-Line) Макаров smth. давать оценку (чему-л.) judge: 696 фраз в 47 тематиках | Авиация 1 Общая лексика 95 Американизм 4 Политика 2 Бухгалтерия 1 Разговорное выражение 2 Деловая лексика 27 Спорт 41 Военный термин 48 Экономика 6 Дипломат. термин 37 Юридический термин 198

Find the following words and phrases in MULTITRAN

1. право (общ. и юр.)	7. communication	13. involve
2. общество (общ. и юр.)	8. rule	14. include
3. правонарушение	9. regulation	15. set control
4. обязательства	10. statute	16. relate to
5. property transaction	11. ensure	17. защищать
6. консультировать	12. concern	18. court procedure

Looking for definitions in Internet

1. www.answers.com

2. http://dictionary.reference.com

Find out the following definitions

question matter issue problem

Looking for articles in Internet

www.en.wikipedia.org

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com

Find there anything you are interested in from this UNIT.

REVIEW Look back at this UNIT’s parts and sections. What is the material that you best remember? What information has been new to you? What exercises have been most difficult? What exercises have been most interesting? What issues or matters have you scrutinized or would you like to scrutinize later yourself?