- •Введение
- •Contents
- •Introduction to legal english Before you start
- •Concept
- •Part 1.Terminology basics
- •Fundamentals
- •I. Origin of some basic words
- •1. Law and Legal
- •3. The word jury has a different origin
- •2. Impersonal sentences
- •3. Passive constructions
- •Development Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Part 2.The concept of law and areas of law fundamentals
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Areas of law
- •Exercise 5
- •Exercise 6
- •Exercise 7 Business Law
- •Part 3. How to look up words in a dictionary
- •Unit II state structure: legislative branch of power Before you start
- •Part 1. Legislation process in the united kingdom fundamentals The uk Parliament
- •Exercise 1
- •Exercise 4
- •How laws are made in the uk Parliament
- •Exercise 5
- •Exercise 6
- •Exercise 7
- •Exercise 8
- •Video script
- •Uk Executive Branch of Power
- •How Bill Becomes Law in the usa
- •Exercise 10
- •Exercise 14
- •Internet Search. Visiting the site of the Congress.
- •The Executive Branch of Power in the usa
- •The russian federation chapter
- •Part 3. How to make presentations
- •Presentation
- •Introduction
- •Unit III state structure: judicial branch of power Before you start
- •Part 1. The uk justice system
- •Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 4
- •Exercise 5
- •Exercise 6
- •Exercise 7
- •Development Exercise 8
- •Part 2. The us justice system
- •Fundamentals
- •Exercise 9
- •Exercise 10
- •Development State court system
- •Exercise 11
- •Exercise 12
- •Exercise 13
- •Internet research
- •Exercise 14
- •The russian federation chapter
- •Part 3. How to conduct discussions and hold meetings
- •1. Chairperson conducts a meeting or discussion
- •2. Audience’s interaction with the speaker
- •3. The speaker’s reaction to the questions and comments.
- •Sequencing and connecting ideas
- •Unit IV legal systems Before you start
- •Exercise 2
- •Henry II of England
- •The third criterion
- •Exercise 6
- •Exercise 7
- •Exercise 8
- •Exercise 9
- •Sources of Civil Law Exercise 10
- •Part 2. Precedent
- •Fundamentals
- •Exercise 11
- •Development Exercise 12
- •Exercise 13
- •Exercise 14
- •Miranda V. Arizona (1966)
- •Gideon V Wainwright (1963)
- •Brown V. Board of Education, 347 u.S. 483 (1954)
- •The russian federation chapter
- •Information that law students search in Internet
- •Unit V. Wrongs and offences. Before you start
- •Part 1. Torts as civil wrongs fundamentals Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Intentional torts
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Exercise 7
- •Exercise 8
- •Exercise 9
- •Internet research
- •Exercise 12
- •Exercise 13
- •Exercise 14
- •Exercise 15
- •Development Exercise 16
- •Exercise 17
- •4. Note hate crime – преступление на почве ненависти; преступление на почве этнической ненависти
- •Exercise 18
- •Internet research
- •The russian federation chapter
- •Part 3. How to provide arguments in a dispute
- •Unit VI legal education Before you start
- •Part 1. Becoming an attorney (us) fundamentals
- •How to become a lawyer in the usa
- •Interview with an American attorney
- •Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Development Exercise 5
- •Internet Research
- •Exercise 6
- •Exercise 7.
- •Part 2. Becoming a solicitor or barrister (uk) fundamentals
- •Exercise 8
- •Exercise 9
- •Exercise 10
- •Internet research.
- •Exercise 11
- •The russian federation chapter
- •Part 3. How law students keep up legal correspondence
- •Internship advertisement
- •Unit VII legal professionals Before you start
- •Concept
- •Part 1. Law and law-related professions
- •Exercise 1
- •Fundamentals
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Development Exercise 4
- •Exercise 5
- •Exercise 6
- •Exercise 7
- •Interview with a Finance Lawyer
- •Exercise 8
- •Part 2. Law firms and legal departments Exercise 9
- •Exercise 10
- •Exercise 11
- •Exercise 12
- •Exercise 13
- •Exercise 14
- •1. Providing legal advice and guidance
- •2. Prosecution of cases in courts and litigation management
- •3. Documentation preparation and drafting
- •The russian federation chapter
- •Part 3. How law professionals keep up legal correspondence
- •Correspondence phrase bank basics
- •The russian federation chapter
- •Bibliography
- •Заключение
Areas of law
Laws protect, provide control, and define the rights and obligations and set principles of lawful behavior.
Laws include certain rules and regulations, statutes, procedures and orders so that any activity is governed by an appropriate legislation. The areas of law practice in which lawyers specialize are numerous; some are included into large bodies of laws, such as Civil Law, Criminal Law or Business Law. Some refer to definite spheres of economy, business, human relations etc.
Exercise 5
You are supposed to know what each area deals with, relates to or focuses on.
The following list of law areas runs from the titles familiar to you to those that you may not at once recognize. Study the definitions, if necessary look up some words in your dictionary.
Areas of Law Practice
Administrative Law
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deals with rules and regulations and orders and decisions created by administrative agencies of government |
Banking & Finance Law |
focuses on rules and regulations of banking activity and financial transactions |
Bankruptcy Law
|
includes rules of business termination and company liquidation |
Computer & Technology Law
|
focuses on the regulation of scientific technology involving the production or use of electronic devices and computers |
Constitutional Law |
relates to the protection of rights provided by constitution |
Commercial Law
|
deals with the regulation of sales, trade and commercial transactions |
Contract Law
|
relates to rules and regulations of contractual relations setting the rights and obligations of the parties. |
Criminal Law |
includes classifications of crimes, responsibility for criminal offence, trial process and court procedures of setting punishment for criminal act. |
Family Law |
deals with the rules that guard certain family relations and regulation of adoption, support and divorce |
Intellectual Property Law |
focuses on protection of exclusive rights of inventors, creators and authors. |
International Law
|
is a group of laws, rules, or principles that are based on custom, treaties, or legislation and that control or affect the duties and rights of sovereign nations in relation to each other. |
Internet Law
|
concerns rules and statutes providing control over Internet communication |
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Antitrust Law антимонопольное право |
ensures and regulates fair competition, ensures protection from monopolization |
Corporate Law корпоративное право |
deals with the legal methods of company formation, company running and financial affairs. |
Environmental Law законодательство по защите окружающей среды |
involves statutes and rules of nature protection |
Insurance Law страховое право |
concerns rules and regulations of insurance activity |
Employment Law трудовое право |
sets control of working conditions, deals with rules and regulations of labor and employment relations |
Tax law and taxation налоговое право |
concerns tax matters and tax responsibilities |
Real Property Law законодательство о недвижимости |
sets and ensures rules of property transactions (e.g. selling and buying of land and buildings. |
Product liability Laws законодательство об ответственности производителя продукции |
includes legal issues concerning responsibility for the quality of products and protection from defective goods |
Processes
Arbitration - третейский суд, арбитраж
the process of resolving a dispute outside of the court system by presenting it to an arbitrator.
Mediation – вмешательство с целью примирения
an attempt to bring about a peaceful settlement or compromise between parties through the objective intervention of a neutral party.
Litigation – судебный спор
a legal proceeding in a court; a judicial contest to determine and enforce legal rights
Civil Procedure – гражданский процесс
the steps taken and methods used in bringing and conducting a civil action
Criminal Procedure – уголовный процесс
the steps taken and methods used in bringing and conducting a criminal action