3. The word jury has a different origin

jury

Middle English jurie, juree, < Old French juree = oath (клятва)

A body of people (typically twelve in number) sworn to give a verdict in a legal case on the basis of evidence submitted to them in court

Judge

judge – судья; судить

appeared in 1175–1225; (v.) Middle English jugen < Anglo-French juger, Old French jugier < Latin jūdicāre to judge, equivalent to jūdic- (stem of jūdex) a judge + -āre infinitive suffix; (noun) Middle English juge < Old French < Latin jūdicem, accusative of jūdex

Find the definitions of the following words:

judgment judicial judiciary

II. Archaic words and phrases

hereinafter – далее (в документа)

thereby – в силу того

pursuant to – согласно …

aforesaid – упомянутый выше

III. Latin words and phrases.

stare decisis = follow the decision

res ipsa loquitur = it speaks for itself

pro bono; pro bono publico = for the public good

actus reus = guilty act

IV. Special terms

plaintiff – a person who brings complain against another person

counterpart – a copy

felony – a most serious crime

V. Grammar

1. Long sentences. Can you make this one shorter? Or divide it in shorter sentences?

Where, upon the trial of such a case as is indicated above, there was evidence from which the jury was authorized to find that the defendant's agent went to the plaintiff's home and knowing that she, a child of 11 years of age, was at home alone, attempted to gain entrance to the home for the announced purpose of repossessing a television set, and when the child refused to admit him by the front door that he went to the rear door and wrote a note which he exhibited to the child through a window of the door and in which he threatened to go for the police and have her put in jail if she did not admit him so that he could take possession of the television set, and that the child became so frightened by this threat that she became extremely nervous, fearful of leaving the house, and unable to sleep at night, the jury would be authorized to find that the conduct of the defendant's agent, who was acting within the scope of his authority, was willful misconduct under the circumstances, and that the child's resulting nervousness and distress was a natural and probable consequence of such willful misconduct.

2. Impersonal sentences

It is possible to refuse exercising the right to be arraigned before the court, even when the charge is for a felony-level offence

3. Passive constructions

The bill is debated and amended and the amendments made by the Lords must be considered by the Commons.

Development Exercise 1

Words that may sound familiar and which meaning can be quite special in legal context.

	Значение в русском	Юридическая лексика	Legal English Definition
act	акт пьесы; документ	-деяние, поступок; - закон принятый и опубликованный или решение любого органа	- anything done, - a formal product of legislative process like statute or rule
authority	авторитет	- полномочия - орган власти, административный орган; начальство - авторитетный источник права; прецедент;	- power - government agency, administrative body; persons at the head of a unit influential source of law (book, research work, precedent)
bar	место для потребления спиртного или коктейлей	- барьер, отделяющий подсудимого от суда в зале суда. - коллегия адвокатов:	- collectively, all lawyers qualified to practice in a given court or jurisdiction. - a barrier in the court room separating a judge from the defendant
counsel	консул	- юрисконсульт - адвокат или группа на процессе в суде - (глагол) – консультировать	- lawyer providing advice - lawyer or lawyers representing a client. - used as a verb, to give legal advice.
expertise	экспертиза	- компетенция; опыт; - квалифицированные знания	- competence; experience;
false	фальшь; фальшивый	- ложный; мнимый - неправомерный	- untrue or deceptive - false imprisonment – неправомерное лишение свободы передвижения
holding	холдинг	- одна из форм предпринимательства как холдинг - решение судьи - право на собственность	- a type of business organization - a decision of the judge - a right to a certain property
information	информация	- известие; сообщение - изложение фактической стороны дела - заявление об обвинении	- act of informing; communication - statement of facts in the case - formal accusation of a crime
interest	интерес	- доля; часть в бизнесе - процент (банковский)	- part of ownership in business - money paid for the use of invested money
master	мастер	Магистр - степень Магистр права Магистр делового администрирования	Master of Law Letters – LLM Master of Business Administration
penalty	пенальти	- штраф - наказание - неустойка, пеня	- fine - kind of punishment; - forfeit; default charge
qualification	квалификация	- условие предоставления права - условие допуска к ч-л	- circumstance or condition required by law or custom for getting, having, or exercising a right, holding an office, or the like.
record	рекорд	- (сущ.) – досье, запись слушания судебного дела - (гл.) - вести учет, протоколировать	- (n) – official report of the case proceedings - (v) - register as evidence
uniform	униформа	- единообразный, единый	- identical or consistent, as from example to example, place to place, or moment to moment: uniform spelling; a uniform building code.

Some words that you know may have different meaning in Legal English.

sentence - наказание по приговору

magistrate - должностное лицо или судья не являющийся профессиональным юристом, осуществляющее правосудие в судах низшей инстанции – магистрат, мировой судья

nation - народ; страна; государство

hearing – судебное слушание

official - должностное лицо; чиновник

performance - выполнение (обязательств)

jurist – юрист, занимающийся исследовательской работой (юрист (практикующий) – LAWYER)

kidnapping – похищение людей (а не только детей) с целью выкупа.