Standards of answers

1 – d; 2 – b; 3 – c; 4 – a; 5 – b; 6 – d; 7 – a; 8 – b; 9 – c; 10 – a; 11 – b; 12 – a; 13 – c; 14 – b; 15 – b; 16 – d; 17 – d; 18 – D; 19 – c; 20 – d.

Chapter 8. Hernias of abdominal wall

Tests (one answer is correct)

1. The predisposing factor of hernias is:

1. hard physical activity;

2. weight loss;

3. chronic cough;

4. chronic constipation.

2. The causative factor of hernias is:

1. congenital weakness of the abdominal wall;

2. weight loss;

3. chronic cough;

4. pregnancy.

3. The sliding hernia occurs when:

1. patient has congenital weakness of the abdominal wall;

2. the hernia’s sac is absent;

3. the hernia’s sac is formed by the strangulated bowel;

4. the hernia’s sac is partially formed by the wall of an organ without peritoneal covering.

4. Classification of hernias of the abdominal wall according to localization doesn’t include:

1. diaphragmatic hernia;

2. midline hernia;

3. femoral hernia;

4. umbilical hernia.

5. Classification of hernias complications doesn’t include:

1. incarceration;

2. strangulation;

3. sliding hernia;

4. inflammation.

6. The main method in diagnostic procedure is:

1. X-ray examination;

2. ultrasonic;

3. laboratory studies;

4. anamnestic and clinical examination.

7. Clinical manifestations of strangulated hernia:

1. acute pain;

2. incarceration;

3. vomiting;

4. all answers are correct.

8. Differential sign between incarcerated and strangulated hernias is:

1. “cough push” sign;

2. Blumberg sign;

3. cramp-like abdominal pain;

4. all answers are correct.

9. Final method of differential diagnostic between incarcerated and strangulated hernias is:

1. laparocentesis;

2. ultrasonic;

3. herniotomy;

4. X-ray examination.

10. Treatment of the patients with strangulated hernias is:

1. conservative;

2. surgical;

3. surgical in young patients, conservative in elderly;

4. symptomatic treatment.

11.Optimal term for operation in patients with strangulated hernia is:

1. 2 hours;

2. 12 hours;

3. 24–48 hours;

4. 72 hours.

12. The limits of resection of small bowel in patients with strangulated hernia are:

1. nonviability part + 40 cm before + 20 cm after;

2. nonviability part + 20 cm before + 10 cm after;

3. only nonviability part;

4. surgeon has to detect individually.

13. Optimal surgical procedure in patients with strangulated hernia and nonviability of sigmoid colon is:

1. nonviability part + 40 cm before + 20 cm after;

2. resection of sigmoid colon + colostomy;

3. resection of sigmoid colon + primary anastomosis;

4. surgeon has to detect individually.

14. Differential sign of the sliding inguinal hernia is:

1. cramp-like abdominal pain;

2. incarceration;

3. dysuria;

4. all answers are correct.

15. Optimal surgical procedure in femoral hernia:

1. Bassini’s repair;

2. Lichtenstein’s repair;

3. Postempsky’s repair;

4. MacVay’s repair.

16. Optimal surgical procedure in umbilical hernia:

1. Bassini’s repair;

2. Lichtenstein’s repair;

3. Postempsky’s repair;

4. Mayo’s repair.

17. Optimal surgical procedure in postoperative hernia:

1. simple nonprosthetic repair;

2. “onlay” repair;

3. “sublay” repair;

4. all answers are correct.

18. More frequent postoperative complication in patients with “gigantic” hernias is:

1. pulmonary embolism;

2. abdominal compartment syndrome;

3. wound infection;

4. systemic fat embolism.

19. More frequent postoperative complication after simple nonprosthetic repair is:

1. seroma;

2. wound infection;

3. recurrence of the hernia;

4. systemic fat embolism.

20. More frequent postoperative complication after prosthetic “onlay” repair is:

1. seroma;

2. wound infection;

3. recurrence of the hernia;

4. lymphorrhea.