Министерство образования Республики Беларусь

Учреждение образования

«Гомельский государственный университет

имени Франциска Скорины»

К.М. ДЕЙКУН, Е.А. ГИНЗБУРГ

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ по

внеаудиторному чтению

для студентов I, II курсов

специальности 1 - 21 05 01 «История»

Гомель 2007

УДК

ББК

Рецензенты:

Л.С. Банникова, доцент, кандидат педагогических наук;

кафедра теории и практики английского языка

учреждения образования «Гомельский государственный университет имени Франциска Скорины»

Рекомендовано к изданию научно-методическим советом учреждения образования «Гомельский государственный университет имени Франциска Скорины»

Дейкун К.М.

Английский язык [Текст]:

[практ. пособ. по внеаудиторному чтению

для студентов 1, 2 курсов спец. 1 - 21 05 01

«История»] / К.М. Дейкун, Е.А. Гинзбург;

Мин-во обр. РБ. - Гомель: УО «ГГУ им. Ф. Скорины», 2007. - с.

ISBN

Практическое пособие ставит своей целью обучение навыкам устной печи и перевода и адресовано студентам 1, 2 курсов специальности 1 - 21 05 01 «История» для использования как на занятиях по английскому языку, так и при самостоятельной работе с текстами.

УДК

ББК

ISBN

© К.М. Дейкун, Е.А. Гинзбург, 2007

© УО «ГГУ им. Ф. Скорины», 2007

Введение unit 1 ancient britain

Ex.1 Translate and memorize the following words:

Inhabitant, temple, enemy, tribute, jewelry, crop, tribe, priest, skilled, fortified, to invade, to force, to protect.

Ex.2 Insert the words from exercise 1 in the gaps:

1. The early … of North America were Indians. 2. East-Slav … are common ancestors for Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian peoples. 3. The Belarusians formed a military alliance with Great Principality of Lithuania to … themselves from Mongol and Germanic invaders. 4. After the departure of the Romans Britain was … by the German tribes of Jutes, the Saxons and the Angles. 5. Walls of earth will … the building against … bombing. 6. He was a … craftsman. 7. … is a sacred place. 8. The … of Belarus include: barley, wheat, rye and sugar beets. 9. This tribe was … to pay … . 10. He was a religious person and wanted to become a … . 11. You can buy a diamond ring at the … shop.

Ex.3 Translate the following sentences from English into Russian:

1. The early inhabitants of Great Britain were the Iberians. 2. Stonehenge, in Southern England, is one of the many megalithic monuments. 3. Soon after 700 BC Britain was invaded by the Celts. 4. In 55 BC the Romans with Julius Caesar at the head invaded the British Isles and forced the population to pay tribute. 5 The Romans left the country only in the second half of the fifth century.

Ex.4 Read the text and give answers to the following questions:

1. Were the early inhabitants of Great Britain the Iberians? 2. Were the Celts skilled metalworkers who made iron tools, weapons, and fine jewelry? 3. Can you recognize the roads built by the Romans today? 4. Were most British towns with names ending with 'Chester', in Roman times fortified camps?

Text

The early inhabitants of Great Britain were the Iberians. This race is supposed to have inhabited the land between 3000 and 2000 BC. Soon after 2000 BC a new race of Alpine people came from the east of Europe. The two peoples were closely related in culture. The ancient people left behind impressive monuments. Stonehenge¹, in southern England, is one of the many megalithic monuments² (structures of big stones). Most megalithic monuments are a mystery to the modern world. They were probably used to observe the movements of the sun, moon, and stars. They may have been used as an observatory and a temple.

Soon after 700 BC Britain was invaded by the Celts. The people were skilled metalworkers who made iron tools, weapons, and fine jewelry. They raised sheep and cattle and grew crops. The Celts lived in tribes. Each tribe was ruled by its chieftain or king. Druids were very important members of a tribe. They acted as priests, lawgivers, and royal advisers. They were skilled in making medicines. The Celts had no written language and they passed on their laws, rituals, and legends by words of mouth.

From the third century BC, the Romans began to build their empire. By the second century AD³, the Romans controlled most of western Europe, the near East, and northern Africa.

In 55 BC the Romans with Julius Caesar⁴ at the head invaded the British Isles and forced the population to pay tribute. The Romans kept their armies in Britain and had the country under control. They built walls to protect their camps. Even now you can see the Roman walls in Britain. Here is the well-known Hadrian's Wall, the Wall of Antoninus and others.

The Romans built roads to get from one place to another quickly. In some parts of the country these roads form the basis of road communication today. The Roman roads can be recognized today because they run straight from point to point. They are usually made of chalk or small stones. The towns were fortified. Most British towns with names ending with 'Chester' were, in Roman times, fortified camps.

The Romans made a large and rich town, and named it Londinium. It was on the river Thames, where London is today. It became the capital city.

The Romans left the country only in the second half of the fifth century. They had to take back their armies to protect the empire from the enemies on the continent.

¹Стонхендж - одно из крупнейших мегалитических сооружений, состоящее из концентрических кругов камней, окруженных валом и рвом. Имело культовое значение. Относится к эпохе бронзы.

²Мегалиты - сооружения культового характера из огромных камней, относящиеся в основном к 3-2 тысячелетию до н. э. Известны в различных странах, особенно распространены в Западной Европе. Встречаются также на Кавказе, в Крыму и в Сибири.

³AD - “Anno Domini”-“in the year of Christ” - нашей эры

⁴Julius Caesar - Юлий Цезарь

Ex.5 Look through the text again and translate the following words and word-combinations:

Ancient, closely related, to observe, impressive monuments, iron tools, cattle, to rule, royal advisor, medicine, road, chalk, fortified camp, to protect the empire, capital city.

Ex.6 Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:

Предполагают, что этот народ населял эту землю; вскоре после; эти древние люди оставили после себя; возможно, их использовали для наблюдения за движением планет; искусный; они выращивали овец и крупный рогатый скот; кельты не имели письменности; они передавали легенды; силой заставили население платить дань; быстро добраться из одного места в другое; римские дороги можно узнать (распознать); пришлось вывести свои армии; защищать империю от врагов.

Ex.7 Correct the statements if necessary:

1. Celts acted as priests, lawgivers, and royal advisers. 2. Stonehenge, in western England, is one of the many megalithic monuments. 3. Romans built walls to protect their camps. 4. The Romans left the country only in the first half of the fifth century. 5. The Roman roads can be recognized today because they run straight from point to point.

Ex.8 Give questions to which the following sentences are the answers:

1. Soon after 2000 BC a new race of Apline people came from the east of Europe. 2. Megalithic monuments were probably used to observe the movements of the sun, moon, and stars. 3. Celts raised sheep and cattle and grew crops. 4. Each tribe was ruled by its chieftain or king. 5. From the third century BC, the Romans began to build their empire.

Ex.9 Use the text to enlarge the given statements:

1. By the second century AD, the Romans controlled most … . 2. In 55 BC the Romans with Julius Caesar at the head … 3. The Romans kept their armies in Britain and … . 4. In some parts of the country these roads form the basis of … . 5. Most British towns with names ending with “Chester” were … . 6. The Romans made a large and rich town, and … . 7. They had to take back their armies to protect the empire … .

Ex.10 Answer the following questions:

l. Who were the first inhabitants of Great Britain?

2. What did the ancient people leave behind them?

3. What are the megalithic monuments supposed to have been used for?

4. What kind of people were the Celts?

5. What have you known about the Roman invasion?

Ex.11 Reorder the items of the plan according to the logic of the text. Describe item 6 of the plan in detail.

1. Soon after 700 BC Britain was invaded by the Celts.

2. The Romans made a large and rich town, and named it Londinium.

3. The early inhabitants of Great Britain were the Iberians.

4. The Romans left the country only in the second half of the fifth century.

5. Stonehenge, in Southern England, is one of the many megalithic monuments.

6. In 55 BC the Romans with Julius Caesar at the head invaded the British Isles and forced the population to pay tribute.

Ex.12 Give a written summary of the text in 5-7 sentences.