Инфинитив

Инфинитив – это неличная форма глагола, которая выражает действие, но без указания на число, лицо, наклонение.

В русском языке инфинитиву соответствует неопределенная форма глагола. Инфинитив имеет признаки существительного и глагола.

Как и существительное, инфинитив может выполнять в предложениях те же функции, что и существительное, т.е. функцию подлежащего, дополнения, обстоятельства, именной части составного именного сказуемого:

Nellie closed her eyes and Нелли закрыла глаза и

tried not to think. пыталась не думать.

Quickly she dressed, and went Она быстро оделась и вышла

into the other room to prepare в другую комнату, чтобы

their breakfast. приготовить завтрак.

Как и глагол, инфинитив имеет формы времени и залога (см. табл. 9.). Он может определяться наречием, а в предложении инфинитив может входить в состав сказуемого (простого, составного глагольного или составного именного, являясь его смысловой частью):

Our observatory could still be used for training purposes, but the research had to move into the space. – Нашу обсерваторию (все) еще можно было использовать для тренировочных целей, но исследование нужно было выносить в открытое пространство.

Таблица 9

Формы инфинитива

Форма инфинитива	Действительный залог	Страдательный залог
Indefinite	to ask	to be asked
Continuous	to be asking	-
Perfect	to have asked	to have been asked
Perfect Continuous	to have been asking	-

Не wanted to get there early, but he failed. – Он хотел рано попасть туда, но это ему не удалось.

Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица to. Однако частица to перед инфинитивом в некоторых случаях опускается.

Чаще всего инфинитив употребляется без частицы to в следующих случаях:

1. После модальных глаголов:

Не саn speak English. – Он умеет говорить по-английски.

2. В обороте «Сложное дополнение» после глаголов to let, to make, to feel, to hear, to see, to notice, to watch:

I'll make him tell me the truth. – я заставлю его сказать мне правду.

3. Если в предложении стоят два инфинитива, соединенные союзом and или or, частица to обычно опускается перед вторым из них:

Не promised to telephone or write. –

Он обещал позвонить по телефону или написать.

Функции инфинитива в предложении

Инфинитив в предложении может употребляться в следующих функциях:

1) подлежащего: То see means to believe. –

Увидеть – значит поверить.

2) части сказуемого: То know everything is to know nothing. –

Знать все – значит, ничего не знать.

Здесь инфинитив – именная часть сказуемого.

3) прямого дополнения: I asked him to give me the magazine. –

Я попросил его дать мне журнал.

4) определения (часто в функции определения инфинитив переводится на русский язык определительным придаточным предложением):

Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet. –

У природы много секретов, которые еще предстоит раскрыть.

5) обстоятельства:

His mind was too much upset to put the same thoughts in another words. – Он был слишком расстроен, чтобы изложить те же самые мысли другими словами.

Exercise 1. Заполните пропуски инфинитивами данных глаголов.

Example: She can't afford to go on holiday abroad this year.

You promised not to tell anyone.

go tell not / see go up meet not / tell

stay lend forget see not / be

1. Mr Jones is getting old. He tends ___ things.

2. I pretended ___ Linda when I passed her in the street.

3. The beautiful stranger refused ___ Bob her name.

4. She decided ___ at home last night.

5. Prices tend ___.

6. I was rather hard up so my parents agreed ___ me some money.

7. We arranged ___ at 7 o'clock. And Mike promised ___ late.

8. Mary was so angry that she demanded ___ the manager.

Exercise 2. Соедините пары предложений, используя инфинитив. Выполните перевод.

Example: She crossed the road. I saw her. – I saw her cross the road.

1. They left at 10 o'clock. I heard them. 2. My neighbour saw a burglar. He broke into my house. 3. A pavement artist drew a portrait of a little girl. I watched him. 4. Chuck looked at another student's paper during the exam. The teacher noticed him. 5. There was an earthquake in my hometown last month. The ground shook. I felt it. 6. Peter's plane was delayed. Other planes landed and took off. He watched them.

Exercise 3. Используйте инфинитив после let, make, have.

1. I'm your friend. Any time, any place, anywhere just let me (to know) and I'll be there. 2. "I will not have students (to draw) on the walls of this school," the headmaster said. 3. My mother made me (to tidy up) the room. 4. That's not what I meant to say. How can I make you (to understand)? 5. My parents don’t let me (to stay) out late. 6. “Who made you (to cry)?”

Exercise 4. Перепишите предложения, используя инфинитив и слова в скобках. Выполните перевод.

Example: I go to the beach every weekend because I like swimming, (in

order) – I go to the beach every weekend in order to swim /

because I like to swim.

1. He stopped at the service station because he wanted to have the tank filled, (in order) 2. She went to bed early because she wanted to be ready to leave at 6 o'clock next morning, (in order) 3. I settled down in the country because I wanted to have trees around me instead of buildings, (so as) 4. Everybody was pushing because they wanted to get to the front of the queue, (in order) 5. They went on foot because they didn't want to take a taxi, (in order not) 6. Pam bought a new suit because she wanted to wear it at the office party, (in order to) 7. We spoke quietly because we didn't want to wake up the children, (so as not).

Exercise 5. Расставьте слова в такой последовательности, чтобы получились предложения. Один глагол используйте в инфинитиве, а другой – в Present Simple.

Example: illness/surprised/hear/I/be/his/of. –

I'm surprised to hear of his illness.

1) again/them/be/pleased/see/I. 4) rich/be/lucky/she/be.

2) delighted/hear/Sam/be/the/news. 5) I/you/happy/be/help.

3) friends/I/be/have/glad/a lot of. 6) sorry/late/you/so/be/call/I.

Exercise 6. Перепишите предложения согласно образцу. Используйте инфинитив вместо придаточных предложений. Переведите их.

Example: Galileo was the first who used the telescope to look at the Moon.

– Galileo was the first to use the telescope to look at the Moon.

1. Neil Armstrong was the first who stepped on the Moon. 2. Alexey Leonov was the first who walked in space. 3. Pierre and Marie Curie were the first who discovered radium and polonium. 4. The London postmaster Roland Hill was the first who introduced the post stamp. 5. Tsiolkovsky was the first who put forward the idea of interplanetary travel. 6. The Wright brothers were the first who laid foundation of modern flying.

Exercise 7. Закончите предложения, используя данные глаголы в инфинитиве. Выполните письменный перевод.

Example: We need some scissors to cut the paper.

cut fulfil wear write do drink unlock

1. Tom is staying home this evening. He's got some letters ___.

2. Are you thirsty? Would you like something ___?

3. There's a lot of homework ___.

4. Have you got a key ___ this door?

5. She has an ambition ___.

6. I need some new clothes ___ to the party.

Exercise 8. Закончите предложения с помощью данных прилагательных и too. Выполните устный перевод.

Example: I afraid I'm getting too old to work so long hours.

оld drunk heavy young thin weak hot

1. The ice is ___ to skate on.

2. Her son is ___ to get married.

3. He was ___ to drive home.

4. This parcel was ___ to be sent by post.

5. The light is ___ to read by.

6. The plate was ___ to touch it.

Exercise 9. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму(-ы).

Examples: Sam hated visiting (visit) museums until he met Helen.

My dog would hate to be (be) without me.

1. Peter dislikes ___ (wait) for people. 2. Peter would dislike ___ (be) sent to a boarding school in Britain. 3. My mother loves ___ (take) photographs. 4. The manager would love ___ (show) you around the company. 5. I hate ___ (queue). 6. I'd hate ___ (lose) my wedding ring. 7. Do you prefer ___ (watch) TV to ___ (listen) to the radio?

Exercise 10. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму(-ы). Сделайте перевод.

Examples: Johny tried to reach the shelf but he wasn't tall enough. I needed some money. I tried asking some of my friends but they couldn't help.

1. He went on (write) to her even though she didn't reply. 2. She started as a secretary and went on (become) Company Director. 3. I've always regretted (not / learn) to play the piano. 4. I regret (tell) you that all the tickets for this performance have been sold already. 5. I'll never forget (arrive) in New York the first time. 6. Don't forget (write), will you? 7. Stop (make) that dreadful noise! 8. We've only stopped (get) some petrol. 9. He tried (go) to evening classes but his German was still hopeless. 10. Why don't you try (lose) some weight?

UNIT 16