II.Read this:

While the steelwork is being erected, some of the brickwork is built.

Now look at the bar chart and make similar sentences.

III.Complete these sentences with the name of a building trade:

1. The……. finish just before the plumbers start.

2. The should finish by the end of week 40.

3. The…….. …….. work until the end of week 30.

4. The…….. work up to the end of week 50.

5. The…….. ……. should finish no later than the end of

week 8.

Now make similar sentences.

IV.Read this:

During building construction, several things went wrong so there are several changes to be made to the bar chart in exercise 5. Here is a description of what happened: Excavation was delayed for two weeks because the excavator broke down. Therefore the machine drivers could not start work until week 3. As the steel erectors had to wait until the machine drivers had completed their work, they were also delayed by two weeks. Consequently, the cladding fixers could not start until week 17. Bricks were in short supply during weeks 15 to 20 and this resulted in the bricklayers working three weeks longer than expected. So the plumbers and the roofing con­tractor started three weeks later. In week 30 the joiners went on strike which was settled after one week. However, this meant both the carpenters and the glaziers started one week late. The wrong paint was delivered to the decorators, which delayed them by one week, but by putting on extra men the building was completed on schedule.

Now draw a new bar chart using the information in the passage.

V. Make a list of other things that could go wrong on a building site. Say when they might occur and how they could affect the time schedule.

Lesson 14

The tools and instruments used in building construction.

Warming – up

1. What tools and instruments do you know ?

2. What tools are mostly used in building construction?

3. What do you think about functions of tools?

I. Look at these diagrams of the tools used by tradesmen working on a building site:

Now copy and complete the table with the correct tools or combination of tools for the jobs:

Tradesman	Job		Tool (s)
a) Carpenter	drilling holes in wood
b) Bricklayer	mixing mortar
c) Plasterer	smoothing the plaster on a wall
d) Carpenter	cutting wood j
e) Plumber	cutting metal pipes
f) Electrician	cutting electric cables
g) Carpenter	making a mortise-and-tenon joint
h) Plumber	smoothing metal surfaces
i) Electrician	removing the outer sheathing of wire
j) Carpenter	turning screws
k) Decorator	painting surfaces
1) Bricklayer	cutting bricks
m) Plumber	tightening nuts
n) Electrician	twisting strands of wire together
o) Carpenter	smoothing wood surfaces
p) Bricklayer	laying mortar on
	bricks
q) Carpenter	removing nails

Now make sentences like the example:

A brace and bit is a tool for drilling holes in wood.