The Complex Sentence
Сложно – подчиненное предложение состоит из неравноправных предложений, т.е. одно предложение является зависимым от другого и поясняет его. Предложение, которое поясняет другое предложение называется придаточным (the Subordinate Clause). Предложение, которое поясняется придаточным предложением, называется главным (the Principal Clause). Придаточное предложение соединяется с главным при помощи подчинительных союзов и союзных слов.
He thought that the train arrived at 6.15
(главное предложение ) (придаточное предложение)
Он думал, что поезд приходит в 6.15.
After the agreement had been signed, the delegation left Astana.
(придаточное предложение ) (главное предложение)
После того как соглашение было подписано, делегация уехала из Астаны.
Придаточное может соединяться с главным и без союзов или союзных слов.
He said he would come in the evening.
Он сказал, что придет вечером.
The book you gave me is very interesting.
Книга, которую вы мне дали, очень интересная.
Had I been there, I should have helped him.
Если бы я был там, я помог бы ему.
В английском языке, в отличие от русского, придаточное предложение часто не отделяется запятой от главного.
Lesson 12
Grammar revision Ex.1 Compose sentences using verbs from left column:
May I … ?
to come in, go out, to read
Can I … ?
to close, to open, to sit down
Can you … ?
to come, to talk, to give
Could you … ?
to tell, to finish, to use
Shall I (we) … ?
to give back, to bring, to show
Will you … ?
to see, to swim, to play
Ex.2 Compare as shown in models and translate sentences
A. Model
This park is larger than that one.
I think it's the largest in our district.
I don't think my flat is as large as yours it's much smaller.
Exercise1.Write three forms of the verbs:
To be, to become, to begin, to blow, to break, to bring, to buy, to come, to catch, to choose, to do, to drink, to drive, to eat, to fall, to feel, to forget, to give, to go, to grow, to hear, to keep, to know, to leave, to lose, to make, to meet, to pay, to read, to rise, to run, to see, to send, to show, to sit, to sleep, to stand, to strike, to take, to teach, to think, to wake, to win, to write.
Exercise 2. Answer the following questions:
Models: -Have you brought my book?
Yes, I have. ( No, I haven’t)
Has he brought your book?
Yes, he has. ( No, he hasn’t (yet)
1. Have you seen the film? 2. Have you read my letter? 3. Have you passed your English exam? 4. Has he phoned her today? 5. Has she send them a telegram? 6. Has the weather been rainy the whole month? 7. Have they read the novel in the original? 8. Have they moved in? 9. Have you had your lunch yet.10. Has he completed his course yet? 11. Have you ever been to London? 12. Have you ever been to Hermitage? 13. Has your father had his holiday this year? 14. Has the train left?
Give the full answer.
1. How long have you worked here? 2. How long has he known her? 3. Since when has she lived in St. Petersburg? 4. What novels have you read this year? 5. What transport have you used today? 6. How long have you been a student? 7. What newspapers have you looked through? 8. What literature have you used for your report? 9. What wrong has he done to you? 10. What birthday present has he given you? 11. How long have they been married? 12. Since what time has the film been? 14. Since what age have you been able to walk?
Exercise 3. Fill in the blanks with “for” or “since”:
1. He has forgotten his Spanish … he left Cuba. 2. What have you done … I last saw you? 3. I haven’t seen him … ages. 4. It has rained … Monday. 5. I have known him … childhood. 6. I’ve known him … years. 7. How long have you been here? – I’ve been here … two months, … last May. 8. How long have you studied Chinese? - …. Five years, …I was eighteen. 9. How long have you been in the library? – I’ve been here … ten o’clock, … three hours. 10. Peter is hungry because he has had nothing to eat … five hours, … morning. 11. They have been here …. an hour. 12. It’s been foggy … a fortnight. 13. … when has he been in love?
Exercise 2. Make up sentences using Present Perfect:
Model: I am very tired. (to work) – I have worked hard.
1. She can speak English. (to learn) 2. He can share his impressions about the film. ( to see) 3. I know the contents of the letter. ( to read) 4. I like her husband. ( to meet) 5. They may come to the party. ( to return) 6. Ann isn’t here. ( to leave) 7. I am going to wear a new blouse tonight. (to buy) 8. She knows the truth. (to tell) 9. They can tell us a lot about London.(to visit) 10. I know how to get there.(to be) 11. She looks fresh. (to have rest) 12. I have no money. (to spend) 13. Sue is looking for her gloves. (to lose) 14. Bill can’t play football. ( to break)
Exercise 4. Complete the following statements. Use the word “another”:
e.g. I don’t like this suit. (show)
Show me another, please.
1. This pen is broken. (give) 2. I need two notebooks. (bring) 3. This is tight on you. (take) 4. I think she hasn’t received my letter. (send) 5. I cant translate this article. (give) 6. This set of furniture is too expensive. (show) 7. I don’t like this book. (give)
Exercise 5. Complete these sentences with in, at or on.
1. It can be dangerous when children play football ... the street.
2. I’ll meet you ... the corner (of the street) ... at 10 o’clock.
3. We got stuck in a traffic jam ... the way to the airport.
4. There was an accident ... the crossroads this morning.
5. Look at those beautiful horses ... that field.
6. I can’t find Tom ... this photograph. Is he ...it?
7. ... the end of the street there is a path leading to the river .
8. I wouldn’t like an officer job. I couldn’t spend the whole day sitting ... a desk.
9. Do you take a sugar ... your coffee?
10. Ann’s brother lives ... a small village ... the south coast of England.
11. You’ll find the sports results ... the back page of the newspaper.
12. Sue and Dave got married ... Manchester four years ago.
1
3.
Paris is ... the river Siene.
14. Mr. Broyle’s office is ... the first flour. When we come out of the lift, it’s the third door ... your left.
15. We normally use the front entrance to the building but there is another entrance ... the back.
16. If you want to get away from the modern life, you should go and live ... a small island in the middle of the ocean
Exercise 4. Choose in, on, or for the blank space in each sentence.
1. My wife and I will return to New York ... the fifth of August.
2. Mr. Kramer and his family came to this country ... 1950.
3. He had a lot of trouble with English ... the beginning.
4. ...present, we are using different English book.
5. Our visitors are going to that museum ...Thursday.
6. Our English teacher closes the door ... ten minutes after two.
7. Do you usually get to work ... time ... the morning?
8. The weather generally gets quit hot ... July and August.
9. We plan to leave for Europe early ... the spring.
10. The students finished those two exercises ... no time ... all.
11. Our baby was born ... o’clock ... the afternoon ... May 2.
12. Please get ready now. ... the meantime, I’ll call our friends
13. This English book seemed to me very easy to me ... first.
14. Our friends are going to visit us here ... Sunday night.
15. Well, I’ve finished this terrible exercise ... last!
Exercise 5. Choose for, until, since, or at, for the blank space in each sentence.
1.The report won’t be ready for us ... noon tomorrow.
2. Everything will be ready for you ... 12:00 p.m. sharp.
3. I’ve been in this class ... the beginning of the semester.
4. ... that time, everything seemed easy to me.
5. My friends Roger and Fred were in Chicago ... four months.
6.Frank won’t get back here ... later this afternoon
7.He’ll probably get back to the office ... four or four-thirty.
8.Mr. and Mrs. Bianca lived in Naples, Italy ... 1940.
9.Then they moved to Sao Paulo, Brazil ... a year or two.
10.Mr. Mrs. Bianca have lived in New York ... 1947.
11.They are going to stay in New York ... 1960.
12..Bill hasn’t mentioned that matter ... the last election.
He probably won’t say anything about it ...the next election.
... two days ago, practically every one agreed with you.
15. ... that time, everyone has changed his mind about it
Lesson 13