II. Complete the following sentences

1. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is in …

a) Milan b) Torino c) Pisa

2. Engineers began reinforcing the base of … .

a) the chapel b) the tower c) the palace

3. Shortly thereafter, city officials stopped the pumping of water from nearby …

a) lakes b) ponds c) wells

4. A team of Italian engineers began implementing a simpler … plan, suggested by Napoli.

a) stabilization b) development c) ground

5. The stabilization team poured concrete and … shot into the foundation to counterweight the upended base.

a) lead b) brick c) steel

Lesson 5

Making up a dialogue

I. Suggest the Russian equivalents.

• to predict;

• inevitable demise;

• city officials;

• steel braces;

• to tilt;

• the pumping water from nearby wells;

• to prevent further eccentric shifting;

• an underpinning structure of steel micropiles;

• to counterweight the upended base;

II. Find in the text the synonyms to the following verbs.

• to look for;

• to foretell;

• to use;

• to offer;

• to reason;

• to fulfil;

• to unite

III. Make up some sentences of your own using the following word combinations.

• to hold a competition:

• to implement a plan;

• to transfer the loads;

V. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.

1. In a race against its inevitable demise, engineers (begin) reinforcing the base of the tower in summer of 1992.

2. In 1975, a competition (hold) to find ways to shore up the tower .

3. City officials stopped the pumping of water from nearby wells, finding that it (cause) the Pisa Tower to tilt further.

4. A plan, suggested by Napoli, (apply) a vertical force on the northern edge of the tower’s base, opposite its tilt.

5. In three months, the engineers (manage) to reverse the towers position by 0.3 degrees.

VI. Agree with the following statements using the appropriate passive form.

1. Paola Napoli predicted the Leaning Tower of Pisa to fall over between 2030 and 2040.

2. Engineers began the reinforcement of the tower.

3. City officials stopped the pumping of water from nearby wells.

4. Paola Napoli suggested a stabilization plan of the tower.

5. They unveiled the results of this work at the International association for Bridge and Structural Engineering Conference.

VII. Work in pairs. Read the questions and let your partner answer them. Don’t forget to change over.

1. When is the leaning Tower of Pisa predicated to fall over?

2. Who made these calculations?

3. What did complex preservation strategies propose?

4. What did Paola Napoli suggest to stabilize the Leaning Tower of Pisa?

5. What were the result of the work of stabilization team?

VIII. Choose a partner and make up a dialogue using the following expressions from the text.

To be predicated to fall; an inevitable demise; to reinforce the base of the tower; to hold a competition; a pair of steel braces; to prevent further shifting; steel micropiles; to anchor the tower underground; a simpler stabilization plan; to pour concrete and lead shot into the foundation; to reverse the tower’s position by 0.3 degrees.

Lesson 6