- •Translation of Word Combinations
- •Grammatical Aspects of Translation
- •Translation and the Problems of Style
- •Classification of Translation Techniques
- •Main Issues of Theory of Translation
- •The Concept of Translation: a Brief History
- •3. Is Translation an Art or a Craft?
- •3. Theory of Translation as a Linguistic Science and Translation Studies as an Academic Discipline
- •4. Classification of the Types (Methods) of Translation
- •5. Ethics of Translation and Translator’s Competence
- •Translation Process
- •1.Translation Strategy
- •2. Stages of Translating Process
- •3. The Problem of the Unit of Translation (ut)
- •Equivalence and Adequacy in Translation
- •1. A Brief Outline of Approaches to Defining Equivalence in Translation
- •3. Translation of Internationalisms (Borrowings) and the Problem of False Friends
- •Internationalisms (Borrowings)
- •Translation of Word Combinations
- •1. Translation of Free Word Combinations
- •2. Translation of Bound Word Combinations
- •Grammatical Aspects of Translation
- •1. Ways of Translating the Passive Voice
- •2. Ways of Translating Modal Verbs
- •3. Ways of Translating the Subjunctive Mood
- •4. Ways of Translating the Non-Finite Forms of the Verb
- •Translation and the Problems of Style
- •1. Definition of Style
- •2. Classification of Functional Styles
- •Theguardian, September, 16, 2013 Canadian scientists protest against government censorship
- •3. Translation Problems of Stylistic Devices
- •Classification of Translation Techniques
- •1. Lexical Translation Techniques
- •2. Contextual Replacements
- •3. Grammatical Transformations
- •Practice tasks
- •The Translation Process
- •Practice tasks
- •Art and fashion
- •Greenwich
- •Equivalence and Adequacy in Translation
- •Practical tasks
- •Translation of Word Combinations
- •Practice task
- •Grammatical aspects of translation
- •Practice task
- •Practice task
- •Practice task
- •Why Does Our Infrastructure Resemble a Third World Country’s?
- •9. Stages of translating process
- •11. A brief outline of approaches to defining equivalence in translation
- •20. Ways of translating the passive voice
- •22. Ways of translating modal verbs
- •33. Translation problems of lexical stylistic devices
Greenwich
The ancient town of Greenwich has been a gateway to London for over a thousand years. Invaders from the continent passed either by ship or the Old Dover Road, built by the Romans, on their way to the capital.
In 1012, the Danes moored their longships at Greenwich and raided Canterbury, returning with Archbishop Alfege as hostage and later murdering him on the spot where the church named after him now stands. ((Introducing Translation Studies, p. 66)
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*In some cases it is appropriate to transpose the members of the sentence in the TT.
SEMINAR 3
Equivalence and Adequacy in Translation
1. What are the main concepts of equivalence in translation? (Breus, Komissarov, Vinay and Darbelnet)?
2. Classify the types of meaning.
3. Comment on the problem of translatability. List the ways of translating the non-equivalent lexis (lacunas, neologisms, exotisms, realia).
4. Differentiate between internationalisms and false friends of a translator and give the classification of false friends of a translator.
Practical tasks
I. Define the type of meaning of the following words and phrases (pragmatic, interlinguistic, referential).
Word or phrase |
Type of meaning |
Mickey-mouse outfit - фирма-однодневка mickey mouse (ineffective; trivial; insignificant) - несерьёзный; маловажный, ненужный (from the name of a cartoon character known for his simple-minded attitudes, created by Walt Disney (1901-66) , the US film producer) |
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East-to-west - в одном направлении (не обязательно с востока на запад) |
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Joint authors - соавторы |
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II. Define the degree of preservation of the following lexical units. Use C for complete correspondence, P – for partial, and A/C – for absence of correspondence.
Lexical unit |
Its Russian equivalent |
Degree of correspondence |
No-brainer |
Не бином Ньютона (что-л., не требующее большого ума, простое, очевидное) |
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The King's / the Queen's English |
Литературный английский язык, правильный английский язык |
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Motionless as a carving / as a statue |
Неподвижный как изваяние / как статуя |
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Using stick and carrot |
Политика «кнута и пряника» |
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All shall be as God wills. |
Всё будет так, как хочет Бог. |
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Dumb as an oyster |
Нем как рыба |
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She learned the language at her mother's knee. |
Она впитала этот язык с молоком матери. |
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III. Comment on the ways of translation of the following non-equivalent units.
Non-equivalent unit |
Its Russian translation |
Way of translation |
Safety gates |
Предохранительная дверь; «ворота безопасности»: дверцы, выполняющие предохранительную функцию (напрмер, их устанавливают на верхнем этаже, чтобы ребенок не упал с лестницы) |
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Fingerprinting
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«Фингерпринтинг» (метод «отпечатков пальцев») |
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Meals on wheels
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«Обед на колёсах» (доставка горячей пищи на дом престарелым и инвалидам) |
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Carrier-nation |
Государство, широко использующее свой флот для перевозки товаров других стран |
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Local self-government |
Местное самоуправление |
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Gadget |
Гаджет; приспособление, принадлежность; штуковина (преимущественно о технической новинке); |
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IV. Translate the following sentences into Russian, choosing the right meaning of the “false friend”.
“False friend” |
English sentence |
Russian sentence |
Extravagance - 1) нелепость, сумасбродство, вздор; блажь; причуды; 2) расточительность; мотовство |
Science and common sense both dictate that such extravagance leads to disaster. |
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Argument - 1) довод, аргумент, доказательство; 2) дискуссия, обсуждение, прения |
Make sure that everyone is following the argument. |
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Auditor - аудитор, бухгалтер-ревизор; 2) аудиторская компания; 3) слушатель; 4) вольнослушатель (какого-л. учебного курса в колледже или университете) |
25 auditors have been enrolled in the History course at our University. |
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Essence - 1) существо, сущность; 2) существование; 3) экстракт, эссенция; 4) аромат; духи |
Essence of roses |
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Arrest - 1) арестовывать, задерживать; 2) приостанавливать, тормозить; 3) приковывать (взоры, внимание); 4) выключать (машину, прибор) |
To arrest one's attention |
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Element – 1) элемент; 2) стихия (часто как составной элемент мироздания согласно мифам и доктринам древнегреческих философов) |
Some fishes can live a long time after removal from their element. |
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Profession - 1) род занятий, профессия; сфера деятельности; 2) торжественное или публичное заявление, заверение |
Profession of loyalty |
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Lemon – 1) лимон; 2) ненужная вещь, барахло; 3) простофиля, неудачник (человек, которого легко надуть) |
Criminal carelessness, that's what it was! Leaving me standing here like a lemon! |
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Factor - 1) фактор, движущая сила; 2) торговый агент; 3) множитель |
Factors, investment banks, finance companies are just some of the institutions that have engaged in loan banking. |
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Compromise – 1) пойти на компромисс; 2) компрометировать, подрывать (репутацию, доверие) |
As a consequence, habitats are destroyed, species become extinct, and in the process the productive health of the environment is compromised and decreased. |
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SEMINAR 4