6.4. Граматика. Багатофункціональні слова. Словотвір

6.4.1. Багатофункціональні слова that, one та інші

as

as (прислівник) – як, у якості: He works as a doctor. as (сполучник) – коли: As he came in, everybody stopped talking. as (сполучник) – оскільки: I didn’t go to the cinema as I was too busy. for

for (прийменник) – для, заради: He bought flowers for his granny. for (прийменник) – протягом: I have been studying English for 10 years. for (сполучник) – оскільки: He has missed the train for he got up late.

it

it (особовий займенник) – він, вона, воно: I have a car. It is red. it (неособовий займенник) – не перекладається: It is raining. it is (was) ... that (who) – саме: It is him who did it.

one

one (кількісний числівник) – один: I have only one English dictionary. one (замінює іменник) –The new car runs faster than the old one. one (неозначений займенник) – вживається в неозначено-особових реченнях, не перекладається: One can find any information in the Internet.

since

since (прийменник) – після, з: I have been waiting for you since 2 p.m.  since (сполучник) – відтоді, оскільки: He was absent since he was ill.

that

that (вказівний займенник) – той: That building is very old. that (займенник) – замінює іменник, щоб уникнути повторення: The climate here is like that in France. that (відносний займенник) – який: This is the letter that came yesterday. that (сполучник) – що, щоб: I know that he is fond of roller-skating.

Вправа 3. Перекладіть речення.

1. As a rule one may determine the applied forces from the conditions of the problem. 2. Space flights prove that. 3. As I didn’t have enough money for a taxi, I went home on foot. 4. Jane dropped her bag as she was getting out of the car. 5. The work of the new device is much more efficient than that of the old one. 6. It is physics that has given us countless inventions. 7. By the street of by-and-bye one arrives at the house of Never. 8. The principle of conservation of energy states that energy is uncreatable and indestructible; it states that in everything that occurs in the world a transformation of energy is all that takes place.

Вправа 4. Вставте for, that, it, one, since, as.

1. ___ part of atmosphere which is higher than seven miles over the Earth is called stratosphere. 2. ___ is water ___ is the most common substance in our life. 3. Magnesium is a very light metal, ___ which we find more and more applications. 4. I haven’t seen him ___ that time. 5. A kettle half full of water can be boiled in half the time required for a full ___. 6. ___ mercury is commonly used in barometers, air pressure is often recorded in centimetres of mercury.

6.4.2. Словотвір

Утворення прикметників

іменник + суфікс
-al formal	-ful useful	-ous dangerous	-y rainy	-less – з заперечним відтінком: useless	-ic magnetic

дієслово + суфікс
-able, -ible changeable	-ant, -ent different	-ive attractive

префікс + прикметник
in-, im-, il-, ir- (з заперечним відтінком) indefinite, impossible, illegal, irregular	un- (з заперечним відтінком) unexpected	dis- (з заперечним відтінком) disproportional