II. Прочитайте текст ще раз та дайте письмові відповіді на наступні запитання:

1. What are two branches of economics?

2. What does the positive economics deal with?

3. What is the aim of normative economics?

4. What is the example of positive economics in action?

III. Прочитайте наступні речення з тексту та дайте письмову відповідь: а) речення правдиве та б) речення неправдиве.

1. In studying economics it is not important to distinguish two branches of the subject.

2. Positive economics deals with objective or scientific explanations of the working of the economy.

3. The aim of positive economics is to explain how the government makes decisions about consumption, production, and exchange of goods.

4. Normative economics is not very different.

5. Normative economics offers prescriptions or recommendations based on personal value judgments.

IV. Перепишіть речення, визначіть в кожному з них часову форму та стан дієслова-присудка. Перекладіть речення на українську мову.

1. Everybody will be in time because the event is very important.

2. Somebody knew about it but was silent.

3. Was there anybody whom you wanted to speak about it?

4. He was hungry and asked for food.

5. Stella made the dress by herself.

V. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх, звертаючи увагу на вживання модальних дієслів, підкресліть їх.

2. Can we have a word with you in private?

3. They didn't want to come with us at first but we were able to persuade them.

4. May I have another helping of porridge?

5. You are allowed to go to the cinema with Bob.

6. Passengers must cross the lines by the footbridge.

VI. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх, звертаючи увагу на узгодження часів.

1. Didn't you know who had been appointed headmaster?

2. He asked when the train to Moscow started.

3. He said that Tom had met Ann the day before.

4. An hour ago she said that he would do this work tonight.

5. Being a good engineer he was able to fulfill this work well.

VII. Прочитайте наступні речення та оберіть правильну відповідь із запропонованих варіантів. Запишіть ії.

1. The shop assistant showed me a book and said that the book ..... the museums of our town.

a) described;

b) was describing;

c) had described;

d) have described).

2. It’s strange that they ..… be late.

a) must;

b) should;

c) could;

d) would.

3. … we have a word with you in private?

a) need;

b) may;

c) can;

d) must.

4. He … when the train to Moscow started.

a) said;

b) told;

c) ask;

d) asked.

5. … I have another helping of porridge?

a) might;

b) may ;

c) need;

d) could.

Варіант №7

I. Прочитайте текст та усно перекладіть з 1-3 абзаци. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть1 та 3-й абзаци.

Microeconomics and Macroeconomics

I. Many economists specialize in a particular branch of the subject. For example, there are labour economists, energy economists, monetary economists, and international economists. What distinguishes these economists is the segment of economic life in which they are interested. Labour economics deals with problems of the labour market as viewed by firms, workers, and society as a whole. Urban economics deals with city problems: land use, transport, congestion, and housing. However, we need not classify branches of economics according to the area of economic life in which we ask the standard questions what, how and for whom. We can also classify branches of economics according to the approach or methodology that is used. The very broad division of approaches into microeconomic and macroeconomic cuts across the large number of subject groupings cited above.

II. Microeconomic analysis offers a detailed treatment of individual decisions about particular commodities. For example, we might study why individual households prefer cars to bicycles and how producers decide whether to produce cars or bicycles. We can then aggregate the behaviour of all households and all firms to discuss total car purchases and total car production.

III. Within a market economy we can discuss the market for cars. Comparing this with the market for bicycles, we may be able to explain the relative output of these two goods. The sophisticated branch of microeconomics known as general equilibrium theory extends this approach to its logical conclusion. It studies simultaneously every market for every commodity. From this it is hoped that we can understand the complete pattern of consumption, production, and exchange in the whole economy at a point in time.