Тема 8.
Which feature does not describe Standard English?
the variety of English normally used in writing
the variety associated with the education system in all the English-speaking countries
the variety spoken by inhabitants of India
When the individual has command of two different languages is called
diglossia
bilingualism
_ is the variety of language used by the older generation and traditionally by certain professions and social groups.
conservative RP
general RP
the advanced RP
adoptive RP
near-RP
Тема 9.
National variant of the English language spoken in Britain is:
American English,
Australian and New Zealand English,
Canadian English.
British English
Well-known feature of the Southern American English is:
the so-called “Southern drawl”
the lack of a postvocalic /r/
and by a low [R] in words like bath, glass
lack of rhoticity
A small set of uniquely Canadian features includes:
the pronunciation of /aI/ and /aV/ with a raised, central onset before voiceless consonants
/t/ can be voiced/flapped intervocalically
lack of rhoticity
/l/-vocalization is present and increasing in words like milk;
Практические задания.
1. Read the following transcription and write the word.
1. twaIs 2. `GF:nI 3. `vISqs 4. F:G 5. `twPdql 6. aVt`grEVn
7. `GInGqlI 8. eg 9. gEVst 10. `fF:nICq 11. tq`bxkEV 12. gaI
13. dAz 14. `wIndEV 15. let 16. `sJZq 17. pVSt 18. `greItlI
19. `trHTfql 20. `pVdIN
2. Read the words and choose the correct pronunciation of the letter that is printed in bold type. Characterize the phoneme.
1. gasp a) f b) g c) gw d) Z e) G
2. start a) eI b) x c) R d) P e) I
3. glue a) aI b) jH c) H d) I e) Vq
4. ground a) aV b) H c) L d) EV e) A
5. chips a) k b) s c) C d) S e) G
6. guests a) g b) gw c) n d) Z e) G
7. scheme a) k b) s c) C d) S e) G
8. appearance a) e b) J c) R d) F: e) Iq
9. though a) s b) t c) tj d) D e) T
10. foolish a) H b) L c) OI d) V e) A
11. surgery a) f b) g c) gw d) Z e) G
12. potatoes a) J b) H c) L d) EV e) A
13. thesis a) s b) C c) z d) S e) Z
14. assumed a) d b) ed c) t d) qd e) Id
15. toad a) J b) H c) L d) EV e) A
16. confirm a) aI b) eIK c) J d) F: e) I
17. structure a) d b) t c) tj d) C e) S
18. strew a) jH b) jVq c) H d) OI e) EV
19. powder a) aV b) H c) L d) EV e) A
20. watch a) k b) s c) C d) S e) G
3. Look at the following English consonant phonemes and choose the appropriate description of how they are articulated.
/T/ a) interdental fricative b) labiodental fricative c)labiodental plosive
/j/ a) labial-velar sonorant b) palatal sonorant c) alveolar affricate
/m/ a) alveolar nasal b) bilabial nasal c) labial-velar sonorant
/r/ a) alveolar sonorant b) alveolar affricate c) post-alveolar sonorant
/g/ a) alveolar fricative b) velar nasal c) velar plosive
/S/ a) alveolar fricative b) alveolar affricate c) nasal sonorant
/p/ a) alveolar plosive b) bilabial nasal c) bilabial plosive
/D/ a) alveolar plosive b) interdental fricative c) labiodental fricative
/n/ a) alveolar fricative b) alveolar nasal c) alveolar plosive
/v/ a) alveolar fricative b) dental fricative c) labiodental fricative
4. Look at the following descriptions of English consonant sounds and choose the phoneme which matches the description.
1. interdental fricative a) S b) G c) T
2. alveolar fricative a) s b) t c) S
3. alveolar plosive a) d b) g c) n
4. alveolar sonorant a) j b) l c) r
5. velar plosive a) g b) j c) n
6. alveolar fricative a) S b) G c) T
7. labiodental fricative a) d b) f c) S
8. bilabial plosive a) b b) m c) t
9. bilabial nasal a) m b) n c) p
10. alveolar affricate a) t b) D c) G
5. Listen to the following words and select the description which best fits the initial consonant.
Pea Fricative Nasal Plosive
Bee Fricative Nasal Plosive
Jump Affricate Fricative Nasal
Now Liquid Plosive Semivowel
Butter Alveolar Bilabial Dental
Mutter Alveolar Bilabial Dental
Youth Palatal Palato-velar Velar
Cherry Palatal Palato-velar Velar
6. Look at the following English consonant phonemes and choose the appropriate description of how they are articulated.
/p/ Alveolar plosive Bilabial nasal Bilabial plosive
/v/ Alveolar fricative Dental fricative Labiodental fricative
7. Look at the following descriptions of English consonant sounds and choose the phoneme which matches the description.
dental fricative S G T
labiodental fricative d f S
8. Look at the following words and phrases and say what linguistic process is being shown in the way they are transcribed.
jumped /jAmt/ assimilation compression elision
ten 'men /tem 'men/ assimilation compression elision
last time /la:s 'taIm/ assimilation compression elision
downbeat /'daVm bi:t/ assimilation compression elision
9. In certain positions a glottal stop is widely used by speakers of both British English and American English as an allophone of the phoneme /t/. Look at the following groups of words. In each list there is one word in which /t/ is often realized as a glottal stop. Which one is it?
football lantern maintain tennis tune
attain elastic intend outside terrible
astounded attribute countless teacher tourist
astounded shortly sisterly tape tense
10. Indicate which syllable carries the main stress in the following words.
Magic Curious Discuss Influence Vicious
11. Group the following words according to their stress patterns: Ooo, oOo, ooO
Phonetic Banana Substitute Technical Syllabus Kangaroo Engagement Usherette Understand
12. Listen to the following sentences and indicate which syllable carries the main stress in the underlined word.
People in higher social classes are more likely to marry late.
Most alternative technologies work best on a small scale.
Death was due to a blow on the head with a blunt instrument.
Laurie finds it difficult to relate to children.
She killed herself in despair.
13. Listen to the following words and indicate the number of syllables.
Rapid Hedge Ordinary Ancient Anxious Draught Argument Everyone Fragmentary Birmingham
14. Listen to the following phrases and sentences and indicate the number of syllables in the underlined words.
Once we've had the disease, we're immune for life.
Fasten the edges of the cloth together with pins.
The money is taxed as income in the ordinary way.
The government was inert and inefficient.
I must own to a feeling of anxiety.
A sudden draught blew the door shut.
The 17 most heavily indebted nations
Dave was a sweet man, very jokey about everything.
The bill was passed by Parliament in April.
The police managed to gain access through an upstairs window.
15. Listen to the following pronunciations and say whether they are British or American
Oregano New Agile Fast Due Path Hurricane Poor Terror Laugh Newspaper Ranch Glossy Stop Total Song Weekend Little Class Master