The Participle.

Forms	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Participle I Perfect Participle	Asking Having asked	Being asked Having been asked
Participle II		Asked

Примечание: Participle I (Asking) – спрашивающий, спрашивая: выражает одновременность с действием, выраженным глаголом-сказуемым. (суф. для перевода на русск. яз. – ащ, -ящ, -ющ).

Perfect Participle (Having asked) – спросив: выражает предшествование по отношению к действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым.

Функции в предложении:

Опредиление	A sleeping child The text being translated A broken cup	Спящий ребенок Текст, котоый переводят Разбитая чашка
Обстоятельство	When (while) going home If asked Being ill Not knowing the truth (not) having left school	Идя домой Если спросят Будучи больным Не зная правды (не) окончив школу
Часть сказуемого	He is reading. The plan is discussed.	Он читает. План обсужден.

Причастные обороты:

Оборот	Пример	Перевод
Обьектный причастный оборот: сущ. + Причаст/мест (обьект.пад.) + I/II	We heard our flight announced. I saw him swimming. He has his hair cut.	Мы слышали, что обьявили наш рейс. Я видел, как он плавал. Он постригся.
Субьектный причастный оборот: сущ. + Прич.мест (им.пад.) I/II	Our flight was heard announced. He was seen swimming. She was heard singing.	Слышали, что обьявили наш рейс. Видели, как он плавал. Слышали, как она пела.
Независимый причастный оборот: сущ. + Прич.мест. (им.пад.) I/II	It being cold, we stayed at home. My mother was cooking dinner, I helping her. The car repaired, I’ll go to the sea.	Так как было холодно, мы остались дома. Мама готовила обед, а я помогала ей. Если машину отремантируют, я поеду к морю.

Exercises:

1 Translate from Russian into English:

Прыгающий мяч; плачущий ребенок; бегущий мальчик; скучный фильм; улыбающаяся девушка; горящий дом; разговаривающие дети; играющие музыканты; иллюстрированный журнал; журнал, иллюстрированный известным художником; разбитое стекло; стекло, разбитое неделю тому назад; сломанная ветка; ветка, сломанная ветром; потерянный ключ; ключ, который потеряли вчера; упавшая книга; книга, упавшая со стола.

2. Replace the clauses by the appropriate form of Participle I when possible:

1. I've got my lunch which was waiting for me here'

2. He pointed at the text which was lying on the desk.

3. Peter seated himself in an armchair which faced the window.

4. The word which came from the bottom of his soul broke up the dinner.

5. The school has now moved to new premises which overlook the Thames.

6. I’m afraid it’s the moon which looks so much like a slice of lemon.

7.”Wnat nice lunch," said Clare, who was eating the sugar at the bottom of her coffee cup'.

2. Join each of the following pairs of sentences, using either a present participle e.g. knowing, a past participle e.g. known, or a perfect participle e.g. having known.

Combine these in the same way. He got off his horse. He began searching for something on the ground.

Getting off his horse, he began searching . . : I had seen photographs of the place. I had no desire to go there. Having seen photographs of the place, I had no desire . . . The speaker refused to continue. He was infuriated by the interruptions. Infuriated by the interruptions, the speaker refused. . .

These participle constructions are more common in written English.

1 I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare.

2 We barricaded the windows. We assembled in the hall.

3 She became tired of my complaints about the program. She turned it off.

4 He found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper.

5 She hoped to find the will. She searched everywhere.

6 The criminal removed all traces of his crime. He left the building.

7 He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk.

8 He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on his bed.

9 He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask his father for a job.

10 He escaped from prison. He looked for a place where he could get food.

11 She didn't want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before

12 They found the money. They began quarrelling about how to divide it.

13 She entered the room suddenly. She found them smoking.

14 I turned on the light. I was astonished at what I saw.

16. We visited the museum. We decided to have lunch in the park.

4 Translate from Russian into English:

1.Окна, которые выходили на мост, были открыты.

2.Секретарь отправил письма, подписанные директором.

3.Я благодарна врачам, спасшим жизнь моего брата.

4.Человек, сидевший у окна, смотрел на детей, играющих в саду.

5.Я надеюсь, что вы не повторите ошибок, сделанных в прошлом диктанте.

6.Он показал мне список товарв, экспортируемых этой фирмой.

7.В его отчете есть много цифр, иллюстрирующих развитие промышленности.

8.Вы должны быть очень внимательны, играя в шахматы.

9.Они быстро шли, разговаривая о чем-то.

10.Оставшись один, он начал распаковывать вещи.

11.Прочитав письмо, он положил его в ящик.

12.Я видел, как она работала в саду.

Gerund

Forms	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Simple	asking	Being asked
Perfect	Having asked	Having been asked

Фунции в предложении:

Подлежащие	Smoking is not allowed here.	Курить (курение) здесь не разрешается.
Часть составного именного сказуемого (после глаголов: begin, start, go on, stop, finish etc.).	My hobby is playing chess. He stopped smoking. But: he stopped to smoke.	Мое любимое занятие – играть (игра) в шахматы. Он бросил (перестал) курить. Но: Он остановился (приостановился), чтобы закурить.
Дополнение: А) пямое (после глаголов: like, need, prefer, remember, enjoy, be busy, etc.). Б) предложное (после прилаг./глагола с предлогом: accuse of, object to, prevent from, insist on, be interested in, be proud of, be fond of etc.).	I like reading historical novels. We insist on finishing this experiment.	Я люблю читать исторические романы. Мы настаиваем на том, чтобы закончить этот эксперимент.
Определение (всегда с прелогом) после ряда абстрактных существительных: idea of, way of, interest in, etc.	Is there any way of helping him?	Есть ли какая-нибудь возможность помочь ему?
Обстоятельство (всегда после предлога: after, on, before, in, by, without, etc.	He left the room without saying a word.	Он вышел из комнаты, не сказав ни слова.

Примечание: Только герундий употребляется после следующих слов и словосочетаний:

Глагол + Герундий:

Admit, advise, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, excuse, fancy, feel like (=want), finish, forget, give up, go on (=continue), can’t help, imagine, involve, keep or keep on (=continue), mind, miss, postpone, practice, put off (=postpone), quit, recall, recollect, recommend, regret, remember, resent, resist, risk, can’t stand (=bear), stop, suggest, tolerate, understand.

Глагол + Предлог + Герундий:

Succeed in, think of/about, dream of, approve/disapprove of, look forward to, insist on, apologize for.

Глагол + Обьект/сущ. + Герундий:

Accuse smb. of …, suspect smb. of …., congratulate smb. on ……, prevent smb. from …., stop smb. from….., thank smb. for…., forgive smb. for…., warn smb. against…. .

Прилагательные с глаголом to be и предлогами:

To be + afraid of; busy in; capable (incapable) of; disappointed at; exited about; engage in; fond of; good/bad at; interested in; keen on; pleased (displeased) at; quilty of; proud of; responcible for; tired of; sure of; surprised at.

Выражения:

Be/get used to; It’s no use/it’s no good; there is no point in…; It’s (not) worth…; (Have) difficulty; A waste of time/money.

Go +v-ing: sport activity:

Go boating, go bowling, go camping, go riding, go dancing, go fishing, go hiking, go hunting, go jogging, go running, go sailing, go shopping, go sightseeing, go skating, go skiing, go swimming, etc.

Exercises:

1 Use the gerund of the verb in brackets in the active or Passive voice:

1. He looked forward to (to meet) his parents.

2. You can't be afraid of (to hurt) unless you've been hurt.

3. But in fear of (to recognize) she lowered her gaze.

4. So I see. You're good at (to make) yourself at home.

5. He insisted on (to send) him instead of me.

6. My sister would never leave without (to see) me.

7. He showed no sign of (to know) them.

8. I was annoyed at (to interrupt) every other moment.

9. I’ve always liked (to take) risks.

10. He hated (to remind) people of their duties or (to remind) of his.

11. In (to discuss) the problem they touched upon some very interesting items.

2. Change the sentences using the gerund after the verbs to need, to want, to require, to deserve and the adjective worth.

1. You should repair your car.

2. It's high time to dust the carpet, Jack.

3. Oh, dear! You mustn't drink this water. Filter it first.

4. You should read this book.

5. I think it's necessary to praise Nick. He's got an excellent mark in English.

6. you don’t have to buy a dictionary. You can use mine.

2. Supply an appropriate verb form and preposition (if necessary):

1. Alice isn’t interested (look) for a new job.

2. Henry is exited (leave) for India.

3. Mr. Grand insisted (to know) the whole truth.

4. I apologize to Diana (make) her wait for me.

5. Who is responsible (wash) and (dry) dishes after dinner?

6. The mayor made another public statement for the purpose (clarify) the new tax proposal.

7. Nothing can stop me (go) there.

8. Would you mind (open) the door?

9. You can’t postpone (make) that decision much longer.

10. Instead (ask) for help on each arithmetic problem, you should use your book and try to figure out the answers yourself.

11. I look forward (see) you next time I’m in town.

12. I tried to prevent him (come).

4 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive):

1. I am looking forward to (see) you.

2. He dreads (have) to retire.

3. I arranged (meet) them here.

4. He urged us (work) faster.

5. I wish (see) the manager.

6. It's no use (wait).

7. He warned her (not touch) the wire.

8. Don't forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed.

9. My mother told me (not speak) to anyone about it.

10. I can't understand her (behave) like that.

11. He tried (explain) but she refused (listen).

12. At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) between the courses.

13. You are expected (know) the safety regulations of the college.

14. He decided (disguise) himself by (dress) as a woman.

15. Sam prepared (wait) here all night if necessary.

16. Would you mind (show) me how (work) the lift?

17. After (walk) for three hours we stopped to let the others (catch) with us.

18. I am beginning (understand) what you mean.

19. He was fined for (exceed) the speed limit.

20. The boys like (play) games but hate (do) lessons.

21. I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused.

22. I couldn't help (overhear) what you said.

23. Mrs. Jones: I don't allow (smoke) in my drawing-room.

Mrs. Smith: I don't allow my family (smoke) at all.

24. He surprised us all by (go) away without (say) 'Good-bye'.

25. Please go on (write); I don't mind (wait).

2. Translate from Russian into English:

1. Переходить реку в этом месте – опасно.

2. Играть в тенис – интересно.

3. Тратить деньги легче, чем их зарабатывать.

4. Ее мечта – стать артисткой.

5. Я поблагодарила его за то, что он купил мне книги.

6. Он рискует тем, что может потерять свою работу.

7. Вы не возражаете, если я воспользуюсь вашим телефоном?

8. Доктор настаивает на том, чтобы он провел свой отпуск на юге.

9. Он страстно увлекается рыбалкой.

10. Она ответственна за то, чтобы работа была выполнена в срок.

11. Я была занята переводом этой статьи.

12. Он понимает важность изучения иностранных языков.

13. Вы думаете у него есть шанс сдать экзамен?

14. Я не могу перевести этот текс без использования словаря.

15. Просматривая журналы, она натолкнулась на интересные фотографии.

16. Бесполезная трата времени – смотреть сериалы.

17. Эту книгу стоит прочесть.

18. Не стоит упоминать об этом случае.

19. Вокзал не далеко отсюда, нет смысла брать такси.

20. сегодня утром мы ходили купаться.