The verbals The Infinitive:

Forms	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Simple	To ask	To be asked
Continuous	To be asking	-
Perfect	To have asked	To have been asked
Perfect Continuous	To have been asking	-

Фунции в предложении:

Подлежащее	To read much is to know much.	Много читать – значит много знать.
Часть составного именного или глагольного сказуемого	You must remember it.	Ты должен помнить это.
Дополнение	I like to read books.	Я лблю читать книги.
Определение	He was the first to call me.	Он первым позвонил мне/Он был первым, кто позвонил мне.
Обстоятельство	To become a student you must work hard. In order to become a student you must work hard.	Чтобы стать студентом, нужно упорно работать. Для того чтобы стать студентом, надо упорно работать

Примечание: инфинитив употребляется без частицы to: после модальных глаголов, после глаголов: let, help, see, hear, watch, notice, fell и глагола make в значении «заставить». Глагол make в Active Voice: the Infinitive без частицы to, глагол make в Passive Voice: the Infinitive с частицей to. Выражения: had better, would rather – без частицы to.

Инфинитивные конструкции:

Конструкция	Пример	Перевод
Сложное дополнение (Complex object): Сущ. + мест. (обьктн.) + инфинитив	I want him to help me. We heard her play the piano. I know him to be a doctor. He let them go home.	Я хочу, чтобы он помог мне. Мы слышали как она играла на пианино. Я знаю, что он врач. Он разрешил им идти домой.
Сложное подлежащие (Complex subject): Сущ. + мест. (им. пад.) + глаг. + инфинитив	He is said to live there. He was seen to go out. She seems to be happy. He is likely to leave soon.	Говорят, что он там живет. Видели, что он вышел. Кажется она цчастлива. Он, вероятно, скоро уедет.
For + сущ./мест. (обьект. пад.) + инфинитив	We waited for him to come.	Мы ждали, когда он придет.

Exercises:

1 Replace the clauses in bold type by an infinitive or infinitive phrase. I have books that I must read. I have books to read. a peg on which I can hang my coat a peg to hang my coat on a form that you must fill in a form for you to fill in

1 We had a river in which we could swim.

2 The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.

3 I don't much care for cooking for myself; if I had a family that I had to cook for I'd be

more interested.

4 Here are some accounts that you must check.

5 I've got a bottle of wine but I haven't got anything that I could open it with.

6 I have some letters that I must write.

7 I don't want to go alone and I haven't anyone that I can go with.

8 I don't like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in.

9 We had to eat standing up because we hadn't anything that we could sit on, and the grass was too wet.

10 The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush that I can sweep it with.

11 My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box that I could keep them in.

12 She said that she wasn't going to buy any cards; she hadn't anyone to whom she could send cards.

2 Replace the clauses in bold type by infinitives. He was the first man who reached the top. He was the first man to reach the top.

13 He was the first man who left the burning building.

14 You are the last person who saw her alive.

15 My brother was the only one who realized the danger.

16 The pilot was the only man who survived the crash.

17 He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.

18 The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde.

19 The last person who leaves the room must turn out the lights.

20 I was the only person who saw the difficulty.

21 He was the second man who was killed in this way.

22 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.

23 Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament.

24. The fifth man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.

3 Use the infinitive with the particle to where necessary.

1. She began (to talk) of Brighton.

2. You must (to take) care not (to offend) her.

3. I'd rather not (to go ) home that way. l

4. I helped him (to find) the things.

5. He made me (to do) all the work again.

6. My neighbor let me (to borrow) his own car.

7. He never let himself (to be) angry.

8. Why not (to make) him a doctor like his father?

9. I used (to spend) a lot of time in Robert's room.

10. I can't (to think) what made him (to do) such a thing.

11. Let's (to watch) the boys diving.

12. You'd better (to try) not (to think) about it.

13. I asked him if he was willing (to help) me (to do) the job.

14. Why not (to allow) her (to do) as she likes.

15. Don't let us (to waste) time. There are hundreds of things (to be done).

16. Why not (to start) out now? We can't (to wait) for the weather (to change).

17. We had better (to make) haste.

18. You needn't (to ask) for permission. I let you (to take) my books whenever you like.

19. You ought not (to sit up) so late.

20. What made you (to think) so?

21. She seems (to know) a great deal about music.

2. Translate from Russian into English:

1.Трудно изучать иностранный язык.

2.Вам понадобиться 15 минут, чтобы добраться до вокзала.

3.Наш план заключается в том, чтобы научить детей плавать.

4.Мой бтар обещал навестить меня завтра.

5.Я хочу сегодня остаться дома и отдохнуть.

6.Он притворился, что спит.

7.Казалос, что он удивлен новостью.

8.Она попросила меня прочитать щто письмо.

9.Они заставили его сказать правду.

10.Я хочу, чтобы статья была опубликована.

11.Я знаю, что он опытный преподаватель.

12.Ожидается, что зима будет холодной.

13.Говорят, что он был женат.

14.Все было сделано для того, чтобы спасти его.

15.Я запишу номер вашего телефона, чтобы позвонить вам завтра.

16.Завтра, вероятно погода измениться.

17.Ему несомненно понравиться ваша статья.

18.Мне бы лучше поторопиться.

19.Я бы предпочел взять такси.

20.Он открыл двер для нее, чтобы она вошла.

21.Он пришел сюда ради нее, чтобы посмотреть как она танцует.