A noun:

The singular and the plural

Hat-hats bus - buses glass - glasses Boy – boys box – boxes bench - benches City – cities brush – brushes match - matches

Hero- heroes Potato – potatoes Volcano- volcanoes Tomato – tomatoes Echo - echoes

Piano- pianos Photo – photos Stereo –stereos Kilo – kilos Radio – radios

Thief – thieves Leaf – leaves Knife – knives Life - lives

Roof – roofs Belief – beliefs Chief – chiefs Proof – proofs Serf – serfs Safe - safes

Basis – bases datum - data Crisis – crises formula – formulae/formulas Thesis – theses memorandum – memoranda/memorandums Phenomenon – phenomena Criterion - criteria

Man – men mouse – mice louse - lice Woman – women ox - oxen Foot –feet child - children Tooth – teeth Goose - geese

Deer – deer Sheep – sheep Swine – swine Fish – fish/fishes(kinds of fishes) fruit – fruit/fruits(kinds of fruits) Aircraft – aircraft Means – means Series – series Crossroads – crossroads Species – species

Only in the singular form Linen, furniture, knowledge, advice, luggage, permission, death, money, business, information, trouble, accommodation, luck, equipment, jewelry, progress, traffic, hair, scenery, wood, weather, sand, damage, work, food, sugar, beef, spaghetti, macaroni, justice, chaos, machinery, behavior, evidence, research, bread and so on…. News, mumps, measles, Economics, mathematics, physics, statistics Billiards, dominoes, darts, bowls Gymnastics, athletics Politics, tactics, optics

Only in the plural form Sights, goods, sweets, arms, holidays, riches, people, police, customs, savings, outskirts, slums, wages, earnings, stairs, scissors, spectacles, opera-glasses, binoculars, lodgings, races, cattle, congratulations, surroundings, authorities, clothes, trousers, jeans, shorts, tights, pajamas

As in the singular as in the plural Family, team, group, staff, crowd, jury, public, army, congress, government, committee, media, majority, minority, audience, company

Compound nouns Brother-in-law brothers –in -law Forget-me-not forget-me-nots Merry-go-round merry-go-rounds Man-driver men-drivers schoolboy- schoolboys

Exercises:

1. Group these nouns into countable and uncountable:

Piano, computer, cheese, car, music, love, information, lady, idea, education, progress, doctor, milk, act, butter, tomato, table, airport, money, bread, cat, camel, instrument, gold, spaghetti, coffee, bank, student, petrol, meat.

2. Use a proper word from the brackets and complete these sentences:

1. Could you pass me …..? this table is made of (glass, a glass)

2. The actor does that for ….. There are very many …… in Hyde Park. (an amusement, amusement)

3. …….goes so quickly. She phoned me six …..yesterday (time, a time)

4. Three ……, please. ……..makes you fat. (a beer, beer)

5. There’s …….in the garden. Do you want ……or beef? (a chicken, chicken)

6. I need a piece of …… The house was near …..(wood, a wood).

7. She looked at him with …….It’s ………Ann is not here. (a pity, pity).

8. My mother never drinks …… Spain produces some wonderful ……. (wine, a wine).

9. He hasn’t got much …… it was ……. I never forget. (experience, an experience).

10. I’m going out to buy …. . Paper is made of …….(a wood, wood).

3. Give the plurals of the following nouns:

1. Hat, box, day, desk, clock, bus, list, toy, address, brush, face, family, puppy, book, wife, scarf, knife, video, tomato, tree, zoo, shop, man, woman, child, tooth, foot, ox, deer, means, volcano, church.

2. Schoolboy, postman, hotel-keeper, mother-in-law, passer-by, man-servant, woman-doctor, businessman, step-daughter, fingertip, customs-house, forget-me-not, Englishman.

4. Complete these sentences with a singular or a plural noun.

1. There are many (class, classes) in a big school.

3. 2. London and New York are (city, cities).

4. 3. There are a lot of (policeman, policemen) in London.

5. 4. How many (toast, toasts) do you want?

6. 5. Lots of (person, people) are unhappy about it.

7. 6. Several (child, children) are in the yard.

8. 7. She's a rich (lady, ladies).

9. 8. Our (computer, computers) are very expensive.

10. 9. The (book, books) is very interesting

11. 10. Many small (village, villages) are very nice.

12. 11. Let me give you some (advice, advices).

13. 12. There's a lot of (furniture, furnitures) in the room: three

14. (desk, desks), four (table, tables) and one (sideboard, sideboards).

15. 13. The (woman, women) has two (son, sons).

16. 14. (Fruit, Fruits) is useful for our health.

17. 15. He's fond of lots of interesting (information, informations).

18. 16. There are many (dish, dishes) in the cupboard.

5. Make these sentences singular:

1. The cats caught the mice. '

2. The women told the children stories.

2. 3. We saw geese and foxes.

3. 4. The teachers gave some lessons in grammar.

4. 5. The birds were singing in-the bushes.

5. 6. The oxen ate the grass.

6. 7. The leaves fell from the trees.

7. 8. The boys had watches.

8. 9. His feet were large.

9. 10. There were pictures on the walls of the rooms.

10. 11. The policemen found the thieves.

11. 12. Open the windows and shut the doors, please.

12. 13. We saw dictionaries on the shelves

13. 14. These families needed new flats.

14. 15. Use your dictionaries

5. Translate from Russian into English:

1. Ее волосы совсем темные. Они очень красивые.

2. Эти новости - очень интересные.

3. Ваши деньги – на столе. Возьмите их.

4. Она делает успехи в английском языке.

5. У нее достаточно знаний для того, чтобы выполнить эту работу.

6. Ваши брюки - слишком длинные.

7. Мои очки на столе. Подайте мне их, пожалуйста.

8. В этом году фрукты очень дешевые.

9. На столе - апельсины, бананы, виноград и другие фрукты.

10. Ваши советы - очень полезные.

11. Математика – трудный предмет.

12. Лестница – длинная и узкая.

Remember about the verb to be. It has the meaning: быть, лежать, находится, располагаться, являться. In the singular form there are three forms of it AM (only with I), IS – with singular, ARE – with plural.

Word order in English: subject, predicate and object. (direct order)

My watch is 10 minutes slow.

My watch is the subject (the subject is only at the first place)

Is – the predicate

10 minutes slow is the object.