3. Make up sentences with the key vocabulary.
4. Complete the sentences with the correct key vocabulary item:
• To pass the mountains it was necessary to _____________________________________.
• Explorers moved to the Far East ____________________________________ .
• All great explorers ____________________________ of their routs.
• To learn the Daurian way of life it was necessary to ____________________________ .
• Indigenous peoples did not want to ______________________________________ and ________________________________________.
• _______________________________ is a sum of money granted to a person for his good work.
• In ancient Russia _______________________________ of great value.
• Every ruler must know ______________________________________ .
• That person was______________________ of Khabarovsk.
• In old times_______________________________ was very difficult.
5. Translate into English:
В XVII веке русские цари ничего не знали о восточных границах своих владений. Чтобы получить больше информации, они отправляли на Дальний Восток экспедиции. В состав экспедиций входили в основном казаки и охотники. Они шли на восток не из-за денежного вознаграждения или отреза ткани, в качестве подарка. Желание узнать и увидеть что-то новое, было для них главным.
В те времена дальневосточная земля называлась Даурией. Во время экспедиций исследователи изучали земли и жизнь местных народов. Они составляли карты и описания земель. Такие путешествия были очень трудными, так как места были незнакомыми, климат суровым, а местное население было агрессивно настроено против русских, так как они силой заставляли аборигенов принять русское подданство и платить дань.
Путешественники двигались, в основном, на лодках по рекам. По суше летом двигались на лошадях, а зимой на собаках. Иногда, чтобы пересечь сушу и горные хребты им приходилось тащить лодки волоком. Но усилия первооткрывателей были не напрасны, так как каждый из них открывал что-то новое и вписывал свое имя в страницы истории не только Дальнего Востока, но и России.
7 . Scan the table. Analyze the peculiarities of the expeditions. What differences and similar features have you found?
Name of the explorer |
Ivan Yurievich Moskvitin |
Vasily Danilovich Poyarkov |
Origin |
Unknown origin |
In a family of Kashin (Siberia) Cossacks |
Rank |
• Cossack from Tomsk; • Member of Dmitry Kopylov’s team exploring the Yenisey and Lena rivers; • Head of team, consisting of 31 persons |
• Clerk in the administrative office of Yakutsk; • Head of the expedition consisting of 130 persons |
Dates of expeditions |
1637–1641 |
1643–1646 |
Goals of expeditions |
• To find the way to the Sea of Okhotsk, called the ‘Lama Sea’; • To see unknown lands and describe them; • To study the life of local peoples; • To make the local population to take out the Russian citizenship; • To collect a tribute
|
• To reach the Amur river, to research it; • To see unknown lands and describe them; • To study the life of local peoples; • To make the local population to take out the Russian citizenship; • To collect a tribute; • To find copper and lead ores |
Route of movement |
• Water way down the rivers: Aldan, Maya, Ulya, Okhota, Aldoma; • Land way, towing boats through taiga; • Water way on the Sea of Okhotsk |
• Water way down the rivers: Lena, Aldan, Uchur, Gonam; • Land way, towing boats through the Stanovoy range; • Water way down the rivers: Zeya Umlekan, and Amur |
Relations with the local population |
Unfriendly; They had several conflicts with the local men. |
Unfriendly; 40 Cossacks were killed by the local men, as they were afraid of Cossacks and didn’t want to pay a tribute |
Conditions of the expeditions |
Very difficult because of very severe climate and starvation (ate roots, grass, and berries) |
Very difficult because of hunger and conflicts with the local residents; 80 members of the expedition were killed and died of starvation |
Discoveries |
• Opened the land way to the Pacific; • Explored the life of the local population and nature; • Got information about the great ‘Mamur’ (Amur) river; • Sailed southwards the Sea of Okhotsk |
• Opened the Amur for Russia; • Explored the life of the local population and nature; • Researched the water way to the Pacific coast; • Poyarkov and his team were the first Russians to see Sakhalin and the Amur estuary |
Name of the explorer |
Ivan Yurievich Moskvitin |
Vasily Danilovich Poyarkov |
Back way |
Up the rivers: Maya, Aldan, Lena |
From the Sea of Okhotsk up the rivers: Ulya, Maya, Aldan, and Lena |
Importance of discoveries for Russia |
• Charted a map; • For the first time the Europeans were on the Pacific coast; • Russian Tzar got the information about the boundaries of his possessions. • Built the first Russian stockade on the Pacific coast; • Opened the Russian Pacific epoch |
• Charted a map; • Was the first to see the Amur territory called ‘Dauria’; • Discovered a new water way to the Pacific ocean, important not only for Russia, but for Europe too; • Described the Amur river, nature, indigenous peoples, their way of life and crafts |
Recognition of merits |
• Got monetary gratification and a length of fabric; • Cape near Magadan was named in his honor; • Monument in Ulya town |
• Was appointed head of Yakutsk; • One of district centers of the Amur oblast was named in honor of V. Poyarkov |
8. Group work. Divide into two groups. Prepare 7–8 questions about I. Moskvitin and V. Poyarkov.