- •Сontents
- •Введение
- •Introduction
- •Unit I. Introductory part
- •1. Fill in the table:
- •2. Study the key vocabulary:
- •3. Scan the text. Political Situation in Russia in the 17th Century and Prerequisites for the Exploration of the Far East
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Complete the sentences:
- •• Moscow was occupied by ___________________________ .
- •Unit II. Movement to the far east Lesson 1. Expeditions of Ivan Moskvitin and Vasily Poyarkov
- •2. Study the key vocabulary:
- •3. Make up sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •4. Complete the sentences with the correct key vocabulary item:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •7 . Scan the table. Analyze the peculiarities of the expeditions. What differences and similar features have you found?
- •9. Explain the meaning of the following expressions from the text.
- •Lesson 2. Yerofey Pavlovich Khabarov: a Successful Commercial Man and “Getter” of Russia
- •1. History test. Choose the correct variant to complete the sentences:
- •2. Read the text and explain the meaning of the word “khabar”. What does the word “khabar” mean?
- •4. Match the following word-combinations with their definitions:
- •5. Make up sentences with the key phrases.
- •6 . Scan the table. The Most Important Periods of y. P. Khabarov’s Biography
- •11. Find out about his Amur trip. What other trips did he undertake?
- •12. Explain why his way was shorter and better. Use maps.
- •13. Translate into Russian. Which natural riches of the Far East was Khabarov impressed by?
- •14. On your own. Use the Internet and other resources to find information about the character of y.P. Khabarov. Prove that he was a successful Russian commercial man.
- •15. Read the text and analyze all achievements of y.P. Khabarov. Explain why historians name him the “getter” of Russia.
- •Importance of Khabarov’s discoveries
- •16. Say what impressed you most in Khabarov’s fate.
- •17. Imagine you are a guide-interpreter. Make a presentation about the monument to y. Khabarov. Use the information from the text.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1 8. Write an essay on the following theme: “The city of Khabarovsk was named so because …”.
- •1. Study the key vocabulary:
- •2. Replace the following words and word-combinations by the synonyms:
- •3. Make up the sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •4. Scan the text and translate into Russian the sentences with the key vocabulary. Semеn Ivanovich Dezhnev
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Complete the sentences:
- •7. True or false? Write “t” if true, “f”, if false:
- •8. Take the map of the Far East and find the places named after Semion Ivanovich Dezhnev. Part II
- •1. Study the key vocabulary:
- •2. Replace the following words and word-combinations by the synonyms:
- •3. Make up the sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •4. Scan the text and translate into Russian the sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •Vladimir Vasilyevich Atlasov
- •5. Prove that:
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •7. Fill in the table:
- •8. Look at the map. Speak how the territory of Russia changed in the 17th century due to expeditions of famous Russian explorers.
- •9. Make a presentation about one of five famous explorers of the Far East.
- •1. Study the key-vocabulary:
- •2. Replace the following words and word-combinations by the synonyms:
- •3. Fill in the correct key word or word-combination:
- •3. Make up the sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •4. Scan the text and translate into Russian the sentences with the key vocabulary. Albazin Fortress
- •Lesson 5. Fatal Consequences of the Nerchinsk Treaty
- •Нерчинский трактат
- •9. Replace the following words and word-combinations by the antonyms:
- •10. Complete the following sentences with the correct key word or word-combination:
- •11. Make up the sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •12. Scan the text. Political Situation in the Far East
- •13. Look at the picture by a Chinese artist: “a battle for Albazin between Russian Cossacks and Daurs”. Explain what you see there.
- •14. Answer the following sentences:
- •Unit IV. Peter’s age in the far east
- •Lesson 6. Development of the Far Eastern Lands by Peter I
- •1. Study the key vocabulary:
- •2. Complete the following sentences with the correct key word or word-combination:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •4. Make up the sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •5. Scan the text. Achievements of Peter I in the Far East
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •Lesson 7. Okhotsk: the Major Russian Port in the Pacific
- •6. Scan the text. Okhotsk Foundation
- •Lesson 8. Expeditions of Vitus Bering
- •4. Translate into English:
- •5. Scan the text.
- •Vitus Bering
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •7. Complete the following sentences:
- •9. Translate into Russian:
- •10. Find on map №12 the places:
- •12. Give a summary of V. Bering’s life. Lesson 9. The First Steps to Explore the American Coast
- •1. Study the key vocabulary:
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following key vocabulary:
- •3. Match the words and word-combinations with their definitions:
- •4. Make up sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •5. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •6. Scan the text. Problems with the Locals during the First Steps to Explore the American Coast
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •Unit V. Russian america Lesson 10. Political Situation in the Pacific at the End of the 18th Century
- •2. Study the key vocabulary:
- •3. Match the following columns:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •5. Make up sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •6. Scan the text. Russian and American Frontiers
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •8. Find in the text the sentences with the key vocabulary and translate them into Russian.
- •9. Complete the sentences:
- •Lesson 11. Functions of Russian Trade Stations on the American Shores
- •2. Replace the following words and word-combinations by the synonyms:
- •4. Find the words from the key vocabulary to match the following definitions:
- •5. Make up sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •6. Scan the text. Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov – the Founder of Russian Business in NorthAmerica
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •8 . Write if the statement is true (t) or false (f):
- •Lesson 12. The Work of the Russian-American Company (rac)
- •Основание Российско-Американской компании
- •Vocabulary:
- •2. Discuss the reasons of the Russian government to control the activity of the rac and the main regulations and privileges of its partners.
- •3. Study the key vocabulary:
- •5. Explain the meaning of the words and word-combinations:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •7. Make up the sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •8. Scan the text. The First Russian Joint-stock Commercial Enterprise in America
- •9. Answer the following questions:
- •16. Give a summary of the text.
- •17. A) Scan the table of persons who were the Governors of the Russian American Company. B) Find on map № 16 places named by them. Governors of the Russian American Company
- •Lesson 13. Reforms of Nikolay Petrovich Rezanov in Russian America
- •1. Study the key vocabulary
- •9. Answer the following questions:
- •1 0. Write if the statement is true (t) or false (f):
- •Lesson 14. Decline of the rac and Sale of Russian Estates in America
- •2. Replace the following words by the antonyms:
- •6. Scan the text. Why Were the Colonial Possessions of Russian America Sold?
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •8. Prove that the territory of Russian America was practically uninhabited.
- •11. Complete the sentences:
- •Исторические факты
- •Vocabulary:
- •Популярные мифы и заблуждения о продаже Аляски
- •1. Утверждается, что в связи с известными нарушениями договора сделка может быть оспорена и по сей день.
- •Vocabulary:
- •16. Read the newspaper article. Share your point of view about the perspectives of Russian-American business relations. From Russia with Love: Tunnel to Link Siberia and Alaska
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. What do you know about the settlement of the Amur area in the 19th century? Choose a correct answer to complete a sentence.
- •2. Study the key vocabulary:
- •3. Replace the following words with the synonyms:
- •7. Scan the text. Return of Russia to the Amur
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •8. Complete the sentence:
- •Lesson 16. Important Discoveries of Captain Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy
- •2. Match the words and word-combinations to key vocabulary
- •3. Complete the sentences with the word or word-combinations from the key vocabulary:
- •4. Make up sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •5. Scan the text. The Life and Activities of the “Amur Admiral” Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •7. Translate into Russian the sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •8. Think why the first Russian ports at the Amur estuary and Sakhalin were named as Petrovsky, Nikolaevsky, Ilyinsky and Muravyovsky.
- •9. Say if the statement is true (t) or false (f):
- •10. Scan map №17. Describe the rout of the expedition of Captain g.I. Nevelskoy.
- •1 1. Translate an extract below. Explain what g.I. Nevelskoy guaranteed to the local population.
- •Lesson 17. The Activities of the Governor-General Nikolay Nikolaevich Muravyov-Amursky during His Reign in the Far East
- •2. Replace the word-combinations by the key vocabulary:
- •3. Match the following columns:
- •4. Make up sentences with the phrases from ex.3.
- •5. Scan the text. Nikolay Nikolaevich Muravyov-Amursky* – a Great Reformer of the Russian Far East
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •7. Translate the sentences with the key vocabulary into Russian.
- •8. Complete the sentences:
- •Lesson 18. The First Raftings of the Russian People down the Amur River
- •5. Scan the text: Measures to Consolidate and Secure the Far East
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •7. Translate into Russian sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •8. Complete the following sentences:
- •Дважды открытый
- •Lesson 19. Difficult Life of the First Russian Settlers
- •Амурское казачье войско
- •2. Study the key vocabulary:
- •2. Replace the following words by the antonyms:
- •3. Match the following columns:
- •4. Complete the sentence:
- •5. Make up sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •6 . Scan the text. Difficult Life of the First Russian Settlers
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •A) Описание жизни первых переселенцев Николаем Михайловичем Пржевальским
- •Vocabulary:
- •B) The “World's End” Lost in Taiga
- •16. Visit the Local Lore Museum of n.I. Grodekov. Prepare a topic about the life of the first settlers of the Far East.
- •1. Study the key vocabulary:
- •2. Replace the following words by the synonyms:
- •3. Make up sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •4. Complete the sentences:
- •5. Scan the text: Demand, Design and Importance of the Trans-Siberian Railway*
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •1 7. Scan the articles. Prove that these educational institutions played an important role in the designing the Trans-Siberian railway. A) Khabarovsk Railway College of the Ministry of Railways
- •B) Far Eastern State Transportation University
- •18. Read the text. Speak about the importance of the Amur Bridge for the Far East. Amur Bridge
- •Lesson 21. Development of Basic Industries
- •In the Far East in the 19th–20th Centuries
- •5. Scan the text: Prerequisites for the Rapid Growth and Decay of Some Far Eastern Territories
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •7. Translate into Russian the sentences with the key vocabulary.
- •8. Complete the following sentences:
- •The First Freemen of Khabarovsk
- •17. On your own. Use the Internet and other sources to make a list of the most popular honorable citizens of modern Khabarovsk.
- •18. A) Scan the text: Khabarovsk
- •19. Read the text. Династия Плюсниных
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Николай Иванович Тифонтай
- •Vocabulary:
- •Торговый Дом «Кунст и Альберс»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Lesson 22. Contribution of Governors-General to the Development of the Far Eastern Lands
- •4. Translate into English:
- •5. Scan the text: General-Governorship in the Far East
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Speak about the Governors-General of Eastern Siberia.
- •7. Study the table. Which Governors-General are familiar to you? Why?
- •8. Explain why the initials of some Governors-General are italicized.
- •9. Read the article about Nikolay Ivanovich Grodekov. Nikolay Ivanovich Grodekov (1843–1913)
- •Andrey Nikolayevich Korf (1831–1893)
- •14. Prove that Andrey Nikolayevich Korf was a worthy person and had not got the title of the Honorable Citizen of Khabarovsk in vain.
- •15. Write the translation of the text. Николай Львович Гондатти (1863–1945)
- •Lesson 23. Main Discoveries of Russian Scientists
- •In the Far East in the 19th–20th Centuries
- •5. Scan the text. Activity of the Priamurskiy Department of the Imperial Russian Geographic Society
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •7 . Translate into English. Исследование Сибири и Дальнего Востока
- •8. Speak about the importance of the scientific research for the development of the Far East.
- •9 . Scan the texts. Richard Karlovich Maack (1825–1886)
- •Alexander Fedorovich Middendorf (1815–1894)
- •Karl Ivanovich Maximowicz (1827–1891)
- •Plants named after Maximowicz
- •Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev (1972–1930)
- •Arsenyev’s family home in Vladivostok has been made into a museum. The town of Arsenyev, located in Primorskiy Territory, was named after him. Dersu Uzala
- •Венюков Михаил Иванович (1832–1901)
- •11. Make up a table of scientific discoveries in the Far East.
- •12. On your own. Use the Internet and other sources to find information about the other scientists of the Far East.
- •Unit VIII. Khabarovsk –
- •The center of the far eastern federal district
- •Lesson 24. From Khabarovka to Khabarovsk
- •1. Scan the text.
- •The History of Khabarovsk
- •5. Give a key sentence to each paragraph and retell the text.
- •Герб города Хабаровска
- •Vocabulary:
- •8. Scan map № 21. Find districts of the city, three main streets, and the place where you live and study.
- •10. Can you guess which streets are these?
- •11. Have a look at photos of old Khabarovsk on pages 163–171. Can you guess which modern buildings are these?
- •12. Make a presentation or a slide-show about several old and modern buildings of Khabarovsk. Compare them and tell about differences.
- •Lesson 25. The Importance of the Amur River for the Region
- •1. Scan the Statistical Data. Name the peculiarities of the Amur River. Statistical Data:
- •2. Study the key vocabulary:
- •3. Match the following columns:
- •4. Make up sentences with the word-combinations from ex.3.
- •5. Translate into English:
- •6. Scan the text: Amur River History
- •Economy of the Amur Basin
- •M ajor Amur tributaries are:
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •14. Read the articles.
- •Viktor Ishayev: “China Threatens Khabarovsk Region with New Ecological Catastrophe”
- •Китай пообещал закрыть все угрожающие загрязнением Амура заводы
- •Amur Needs un Clean-up Aid
- •15. Analyze the articles and make a list of main ecological problems of the river and measures to solve them.
- •1 6. Write an essay on the following topic: ”Father Amur is the River of life in the Far East”. Lesson 26. Far Eastern Federal District
- •1. Scan the information.
- •Statiscical Data:
- •4 . Speak about the presence of the Chinese at the Territory of the Far East. Is their presence here really dangerous?
- •5. Read the text. Khabarovsk Territory
- •Description of the flag of Khabarovsk Territory
- •Description of the Coat of Arms of Khabarovsk Territory
- •History
- •Geography
- •Economy
- •Demographics
- •Places Attractive for Tourists
- •Welcome to the Russian Far East!
- •10. Write an essay on the following theme: “What will happen to the Far East in 20 years?” suggested seminar topics to discuss seminar № 1
- •Seminar № 2
- •Seminar № 3
- •Vocabulary list
- •Appendix
- •Map № 8. Stanovoy Range
- •Map № 16. Russian America
- •Www.Wikipedia.Org
- •Освоение русского дальнего востока в XVII – начале XX вв. Development of the russian far east in the xviIth – early xXth centuries
- •Отпечатано методом прямого репродуцирования
- •680021, Г. Хабаровск, ул. Серышева, 47.
Министерство транспорта Российской Федерации
Федеральное агентство железнодорожного транспорта
Государственное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
"Дальневосточный государственный
университет путей сообщения"
Кафедра "Деловой иностранный язык"
И.А. Пасечник
ОСВОЕНИЕ РУССКОГО ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА
В XVII – НАЧАЛЕ XX вв.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST
IN THE XVIIth – EARLY XXth CENTURIES
Рекомендовано
Дальневосточным региональным
учебно-методическим центром (ДВ РУМЦ)
в качестве учебного пособия для студентов
специальности 080500 "Менеджмент" вузов региона
Хабаровск
Издательство ДВГУПС
2
УДК 811.Ш (075.8)
ББК Ш 143.21-923
П 190
Рецензенты:
Заведующая кафедрой гуманитарных наук
Дальневосточной академии физической культуры
кандидат педагогических наук,
доцент Г.М. Скрипник
Заведующая кафедрой методики и второго иностранного языка
Дальневосточного государственного гуманитарного университета,
кандидат педагогических наук,
доцент Н.Р. Максимова
Пасечник, И.А.
П 190 |
Освоение русского Дальнего Востока в XVII – начале XX вв. Development of the Russian Far East in the XVIIth – early XXth centuries : учеб. пособие / И.А. Пасечник. – Хабаровск : Изд-во ДВГУПС, 2011. – 183 с. : ил. |
Главное внимание уделено совершенствованию умений и навыков чтения специальной литературы исторического, экономического содержания и говорения на английском языке.
Предназначено для студентов 1-го курса Российско-Американской программы ДВГУПС.
УДК 811.Ш (075.8)
ББК Ш 143.21-923
©
Сontents
Введение 4
Introduction 5
UNIT I. INTRODUCTORY PART 5
Political Situation in Russia in the 17th Century and Prerequisites for the Exploration of the Far East 6
UNIT II. MOVEMENT TO THE FAR EAST 8
Lesson 1. Expeditions of Ivan Moskvitin and Vasily Poyarkov 8
Lesson 2. Yerofey Pavlovich Khabarov: a Successful Commercial Man and “Getter” of Russia 11
Lesson 3. Expeditions of Semen Dezhnev and Vasily Atlasov 17
UNIT III. STRIFE FOR THE AMUR TERRITORY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND MANCHURIA 22
Lesson 4. Albazin Fortress: the Stronghold of Russian Achievements in the Far East 22
Lesson 5. Fatal Consequences of the Nerchinsk Treaty 24
UNIT IV. PETER’S AGE IN THE FAR EAST 28
Lesson 6. Development of the Far Eastern Lands by Peter I 28
Lesson 7. Okhotsk: the Major Russian Port in the Pacific 31
Lesson 8. Expeditions of Vitus Bering 33
Lesson 9. The First Steps to Explore the American Coast 37
UNIT V. RUSSIAN AMERICA 40
Lesson 10. Political Situation in the Pacific at the End of the 18th Century 40
Lesson 11. Functions of Russian Trade Stations on the American Shores 45
Lesson 12. The Work of the Russian-American Company (RAC) 48
Lesson 13. Reforms of Nikolay Petrovich Rezanov in Russian America 54
Lesson 14. Decline of the RAC and the Sale of Russian Estates in America 58
UNIT VI. MURAVYOV’S AGE 64
Lesson 15. Political Situation in the Far East at the Beginning of the 19th Century 64
Lesson 16. Important Discoveries of Captain Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy 69
Lesson 17. The activities of the Governor-General Nikolay Nikolayevich Muravyov
during His Reign in the Far East 74
Lesson 18. The First Raftings of the Russian People down the Amur River 77
Lesson 19. Difficult Life of the First Russian Settlers 81
UNIT VII. DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY DURING THE GREAT AMUR CAMPAIGN 89
Lesson 20. Construction of the First Railroad in the Far East
and Its Importance for Economic Development 89
Lesson 21. Development of Basic Industries in the Far East in the 19th–20th Centuries 96
Lesson 22. Contribution of Governors-General to the Development of the Far Eastern Lands 108
Lesson 23. Main Discoveries of Russian Scientists in the Far East in the 19th century 114
UNIT VIII. KHABAROVSK: FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT CENTRE 123
Lesson 24. From Khabarovka to Khabarovsk 123
Lesson 25. Importance of the Amur River for the Region 130
Lesson 26. Far Eastern Federal District 136
SUGGESTED SEMINAR TOPICS TO DISCUSS 144
VOCABULARY LIST 145
APPENDIX 152
MAPS 155
OLD PICTURES OF KHABAROVSK 173
REFERENCE SOURCES 182
Введение
Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов языковых и неязыковых вузов Хабаровского края, где преподается региональный компонент.
Региональный компонент предполагает введение в учебные программы содержания, связанного с историей развития, экономикой, традициями и культурой какого-либо региона, в данном случае Дальневосточного.
Задачи обучения английскому языку в рамках регионального компонента включают:
– овладение каждым учащимся навыками чтения несложных исторических, географических, политических и экономических текстов с целью понимания основного содержания, и извлечения необходимой информации о быте, культуре и проблемах местных народностей; об истории, экономике и роли края в период освоения региона, а также его значимости в современном мире;
– получение навыков общения на английском языке в ситуациях повседневного общения в рамках темы: «Я и мое окружение» на минимально достаточном уровне коммуникативной компетенции;
– формирование выпускника вуза – умелого хранителя, пользователя и создателя социокультурных ценностей и традиций региона.
Занятия по регионоведению включают и воспитательные задачи по развитию личности думающей, активной, творческой, коммуникативной, толерантной, умеющей принимать решения, целесообразно организовать свой учебный труд и быть патриотом родины и края.
Данное учебное пособие соответствует всем вышеперечисленным требованиям.
В процессе обучения оно поможет студентам не только получить определенное представление об истории освоения Дальневосточного региона, но и сформировать аргументированное суждение о событиях, происходивших в тот или иной период, а также подготовить их к ведению дискуссий и презентаций на основе предложенных в пособии тем.
Также подготовленное учебное пособие будет способствовать развитию у студентов умений, важных для их будущей профессиональной карьеры. Например, во время занятий студенты будут учиться искать и анализировать информацию из различных источников; подбирать примеры, аргументы и статистические данные, сопоставлять и обобщать их, чтобы быть убедительными при подготовке различных устных и письменных заданий. Они также научатся формировать собственное отношение и точки зрения относительно различных фактов, адаптироваться к другим точкам зрения, проявлять терпимость и уважение к ним. При работе в группах у студентов будут формироваться такие черты, как лидерство, отвеетственность, трудолюбие и толерантность к мнениям и суждениям окружающих.
Учебное пособие состоит из восьми разделов, где представлены основные этапы развития региона, начиная с семнадцатого века и до начала двадцатого века (т.е. до прихода Советской власти на ДВ). Данный период развития является наиболее важным в длительном историческом процессе освоения и развития Дальнего Востока. В пособии дан реальный исторический взгляд на развитие ДВ региона, основанный на достоверных исторических фактах, взятых из архивных документов, статей, публикаций и книг по краеведению известных дальневосточных краеведов, историков и ученых.
Каждый из разделов состоит из одного или более уроков. Каждый урок содержит основной текст и разработанные на его основе различные тренировочные упражнения для закрепления пассивного и активного лексического запаса, анализа смыслового содержания текста, построения монологических и диалогических высказываний, развития устной и письменной речи. Контроль знаний, умений и навыков осуществляется при выполнении студентами тестовых заданий, лексических диктантов, эссе, при подготовке презентаций, проектов, докладов, устных высказываний на практических и семинарских занятиях.