Writing

17. Make up your own list of adjectives describing your friend; highlight any strengths and weaknesses he/she may have.

18. Work with a partner. Write a brief profile of your partner outlining his/her personal qualities, strengths and weaknesses (as you think). After you finish, work with the partner and compare the profiles you both have. Discuss any differences between them and try to agree to an “accurate” list of each other.

19. Write a brief profile of yourself outlining your personal qualities, highlight your strengths and weaknesses.

Text 2. The Management Process

1. Study the Word List.

definite – ясный, точный, определённый; чётко выраженный

purposive – служащий для определённой цели; целевой

attainment – достижение; приобретение

predetermined goals – предназначенная, предопределенная задача

achieve the goals – достигать целей

vary – изменяться, меняться

launch – начинать какие-либо действия

market survey – обзор рыночной конъюнктуры

set of activities – совокупность видов деятельности

aim – намерение, цель

use recourses wisely – мудро использовать ресурсы

without unnecessary waste – без расточительства

delegate authority – делегировать полномочия

2. Complete the table. Use a dictionary to help you.

verb	general noun	person
achieve	achievement	achiever
allocate		-------
delegate
lead
supervise

a) make the sentences of your own with these words.

3. Answer the questions before reading the text.

1. Would you like to work in a team?

2. What activities are important for running a team?

3. What does a manager in a company do?

3. Read the text paying the attention to the words in bold and do the task after it. What is management?1

Management is a universal phenomenon. It’s a very popular and widely used term. All organizations – business, political, cultural or social – are involved in management because it is the management which helps and directs the various efforts towards a definite purpose. Management is a purposive activity. It’s something that directs group efforts towards the attainment of certain predetermined goals. It’s the process of working with and through others to effectively achieve the goals of organization, by efficiently using limited resources in the changing world. Of course, these goals may vary from one enterprise to another. For example, for one enterprise it may be launching of new products by conducting market surveys and for another it may be profit maximization by minimizing cost².

Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling an organization’s financial, physical, human, and information resources to achieve its goals. Management is the art or practice of managing a business, money, products, and all the people employed by a company. In other words management is set of activities directed at an organization’s human, financial, physical, and information resources, with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner. In this case “efficient” means “using resources wisely and without unnecessary waste” while “effective” means “doing the right things”.

The characteristics of management often vary according to national culture, which can determine how managers are trained, how they lead people and how they approach their jobs. The amount of responsibility of any individual in a company depends on the position that he or she occupies in its hierarchy. Managers, for example, are responsible for leading people directly under them. To do this successfully, they must use their authority, which is the right to take decisions and give orders. Managers often delegate authority. This means that employees at lower levels in the company hierarchy can use their initiative that is make decisions without asking their manager.