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- •А.М. Шуваева, н.О. Шпак, е.А. Крутько
- •Учебное пособие
- •Оглавление
- •Preface (Введение)
- •Recommendations for students Рекомендации для студентов
- •1. Лексико-грамматические темы по дисциплине
- •2. Рекомендации по выполнению заданий
- •Speaking (Говорение)
- •1. Презентация темы
- •2. Диалогическая речь
- •Listening (Аудирование)
- •1. Задание на установление соответствия приведенных утверждений прослушанному тексту (True/False/)
- •2. Задание на множественный выбор
- •3. Задание на множественные соответствия
- •Reading (Чтение)
- •1. Задание на установление соответствия приведенных утверждений прочитанному тексту (True / False).
- •2. Задание на множественный выбор из предложенных вариантов
- •Writing (Письмо)
- •1. Короткие тексты прагматического характера: написание рекомендаций; заполнение формы, анкеты.
- •Длинные тексты прагматического характера:
- •3. Сочинение-описание
- •4. Краткое изложение текста (summary)
- •Introduction to phonetics (Вводный фонетический курс)
- •Правила чтения
- •1. Напишите транскрипцию слов и отработайте их произношение, учитывая правила чтения ударных гласных.
- •2. Прочитайте пословицы несколько раз, обращая внимание на изучаемые звуки.
- •3. Напишите транскрипцию слов и отработайте их произношение, учитывая сочетание гласных.
- •4. Прочитайте пословицы несколько раз, обращая внимание на изучаемые звуки.
- •5. Напишите транскрипцию слов и отработайте их произношение, учитывая сочетание гласных.
- •6. Прочитайте пословицы несколько раз, обращая внимание на изучаемые звуки.
- •13. Напишите транскрипцию слов и отработайте их произношение, учитывая сочетание согласных.
- •14. Прочитайте пословицы несколько раз, обращая внимание на изучаемые звуки.
- •15. Напишите транскрипцию слов и отработайте их произношение, учитывая сочетание согласных.
- •16. Прочитайте пословицы несколько раз, обращая внимание на изучаемые звуки.
- •17. Прочитайте стих, обращая внимание на правила чтения.
- •Unit 1. Work and study
- •1. Self-presentation
- •1. Study the sounds and types of reading (See Introduction to Phonetics on page …)
- •2. Study the Word List.
- •3. Answer the questions using the words above.
- •4. Read Danka’s email to Jacek and do the tasks after it. An Email from England1
- •5. Decide if the statements are true or false.
- •6. Match the questions to the answers. Ask and answer them in pairs.
- •7. Complete the sentences with the right form of the pronouns.
- •8. Complete the sentences with am, is, are.
- •10. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions with have. Then tell the class about your partner, using he/she and has.
- •11. Answer the questions with have/has got.
- •12. Complete the questions. Ask and answer your partner what he/she has got.
- •13. Tick the correct sentence.
- •14A. Read and listen to the sentences with have and have got.
- •14B. Work in pairs. Ask and answer about the things in the box, using have or have got.
- •15A. Work with a partner. Write questions to find the information about the people in your chart. Student a: Look at chart 1. Student b: Look at chart 2 on the opposite page. Chart 1
- •Chart 2
- •15B. Listen and compare. Ask and answer questions with your partner to complete your chart.
- •16. Talk with your partner about the things and the people from the box, using have/have got.
- •17. Work with a partner. Write questions to find the information about two other people in your chart. Ask and answer questions with your partner to complete your chart.
- •Chart 1
- •Chart 2
- •18A. Interview two students and complete the table.
- •18B. Tell the class about one of the students.
- •19A. Read Becky’s letter to her penfriend Tiago and answer the questions.1
- •19B. Read the letter again and answer these questions.
- •19C. Write a similar letter to a penfriend about yourself.
- •2. Work and Jobs
- •Study the Word List.
- •2. Match words to form collocations and make up sentences with these collocations.
- •3. Read the text and do the tasks after it.
- •4. Decide if the statements are true or false.
- •5. Match the words with their translation.
- •6. Answer the questions about working conditions in Russia.
- •7. Complete the text about office work with the words from the box.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions. Then use these collocations in sentences of your own.
- •9. Find the best noun in the box to complete each of the sentences.
- •10. Add a suffix from the box to the words to make jobs.
- •11. Which workers normally do these things? Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about the work, using the words from the box.
- •12A. Study the information in the box and do the task after it.
- •12B. Replace the words in bold with the words from the box.
- •13. Work in pairs. Read the statements and then ask and answer questions about work. If you don’t work, talk about a person who works.
- •14. Complete this description of a job by putting in the correct subject or object pronouns.
- •17. Read and complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the box2.
- •18. Choose the correct verb forms to complete the text1.
- •19. Complete the text with the correct form of the verb1.
- •20A. Work with a partner. Answer the questions.
- •20B. Listen to a radio programme about four night workers: Jerry, Jackie, Doreen, and Dan. Complete the chart. A 24/7 society
- •20C. Listen again and check your answers. Then discuss the questions below.
- •21A. Work with a partner. Choose one of the jobs from the box, but don’t tell your partner. With your partner ask and answer Yes / No questions to find out what the job is.
- •21B. Discuss in pairs: What jobs are for women? What jobs are for men? Is there any difference? Give your reasons and make a list. Discuss other jobs, too.
- •3. Higher Education
- •2. Read the subjects that you can do/study at university. The underlining shows the syllable you must stress in each word.
- •3. Match the words to make sentences.
- •4. Answer the questions using the words from the Word List.
- •5. Read the text paying attention to the words in bold and do the task after it. Education: University1
- •6. Decide if the statements are true or false.
- •7. Match the definition with the right word.
- •8. Replace the underlined verbs with less formal verbs that have the same meaning in the context.
- •9. Fill the gaps with a suitable word.
- •10. Complete this blog by putting a, an or the into the gaps.
- •11. Open the brackets and complete the questions and answers in a survey with the words in the present simple1.
- •12. Tara and Leon are talking on the phone. Complete their conversation with the words in the present continuous2.
- •15A. Read the text and listen to Maurizio. Then complete the text, using the words from the box.
- •15B. Complete the questions about Maurizio and ask them to your partner.
- •16A. Ask and answer these questions in pairs.
- •Texts for Reading and Discussion Text a
- •Jobs for the Boys … and Girls1
- •4. Work in two groups. Read the texts in groups and answer the questions about Jenny or Alex.
- •5. Compare your answers with a partner from the other group.
- •6. Work in pairs. What do you think?
- •Answer the questions before reading the article.
- •2. Match the words with their explanations.
- •3. Skim the extract from the article "The student of 2000: more work, less pay" published in the Daily Telegraph. Then do the tasks after it. Who is the Modern Student?1
- •4. Decide if the statements are true or false.
- •5. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
- •6. Work in pairs. Use the phrases to discuss your opinions on the issue.
- •Stop and Check 1
- •5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb.
- •6. Put the words in the correct order.
- •7. Read the text. Mark if the statements below are true or false. (41-45)?
- •8. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •Интернет-ресурсы
- •Business communication Business Meetings
- •Study the Word List.
- •2. Answer the questions using the words from the Word List:
- •3. Read the text paying attention to the words in bold. A Bad Introduction1
- •4. Decide if the statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •5. Open the brackets.
- •6. Read expressions (1 - 8). They can all be used in the first few minutes of a meeting. Match them with the functions (a - h).
- •7. Walk around the room and try to talk to each person very briefly.
- •8. What do you do when someone you haven’t met before visits you in your office? In what order do you do these things? Mark your answers and then discuss your ideas with the rest of the group.
- •10. Open the brackets.
- •11. Decide if the sentences below contain mistakes. Change the form of the verb where necessary.
- •12. Choose the correct form of the verbs in italics.
- •13B. Match sentences (a - h) with uses (1 - 8).
- •Read the profile of Derek Stirling and then write another profile about yourself. Use the topics below to help you.
- •Telephoning
- •1. Study the Word List.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Read the text and do the tasks after it. How many ways to say hello?1
- •4. Decide if the statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •How do you answer the phone? Tick what you do
- •6. Study the table below and decide if sentences 1 - 10 are correct () or incorrect (X).
- •7. Sometimes the person who answers the phone has to connect the caller to another person. Underline the correct word in italics in these phrases for connecting the caller.
- •11. Put the words in the correct order.
- •12. Complete Bruce and Naomi’s conversation with the appropriate future forms.
- •13. Underline the correct phrases in italics in the call. Then listen to the phone call and check your answers.
- •14. Listen to these phrases. The speaker always sounds friendly and polite.
- •16. Add words from the first phrase in bold to complete the second friendly and polite phrase.
- •A relocations consultant phones a client to make an appointment. Look at the diaries and role-play the telephone conversation. Use the phrases below to help you.
- •1. Translate the text from Russian into English.
- •2. Plan your next telephone call in English. Complete the plan below.
- •Business correspondence
- •1. Study the Word List.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Read the text paying attention to the words in bold and do the task after it. Business letters1
- •4. Match the words (1 - 5) with the words (a - e) to complete the phrases.
- •5. Match the words and word-combinations in the left column with their equivalents in the right column.
- •6. Read the text again. Decide if the statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •7A. Read these e-mails.
- •7B. Answer the questions.
- •8. Read this letter to a customer. Match each section of the letter (1 - 8) with its description (a - h).
- •9. Complete the e-mail (1 – 7) with the words from the box.
- •10. Complete the sentences (1 – 5) with the words and phrases from the box.
- •11. Choose the correct future form of the verbs in italics.
- •12. Underline the correct words in multi-dialogue.
- •13. Read the email to Roy about his visit to a supplier next week. Put the verbs in brakets into the correct future form.
- •2. You receive the following enquiry. Write a reply. Include the points given in the notes.
- •Texts for Reading and Discussion Text a
- •Answer the questions.
- •Read the text and do the tasks after it. Meeting Business Partners
- •Telephone Skills
- •3. Match the words (1 - 5) with the words (a - e) to complete the phrases.
- •4. Match the words and word-combinations in the left column with their equivalents in the right column.
- •Read the text again. Decide if the statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •Stop and Check 2
- •Fill in the gaps.
- •3. Read the text. Telephone etiquette
- •Things to avoid when on the phone
- •4. Decide if the statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into correct tense.
- •6. Match the tenses with their meaning.
- •7. Put the words in the correct order.
- •8. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •References (unit 2) Список основной литературы
- •Список дополнительной литературы
- •Интернет-ресурсы
- •Unit 3. Looking for a job
- •Applying for a Job
- •1. Study the Word List.
- •2. Complete the table. Use a dictionary to help you.
- •3. Answer the questions using the words from the Word List.
- •4. Read the text and match these headlines to the parts of the text.
- •Paula’s Career Ladder1
- •5. Decide if the statements are true or false.
- •6. Write a synonym for each of these phrases.
- •7. Complete these sentences with a suitable word.
- •8A. Complete the text with the words from the box.1
- •8B. Work in pairs. Look through the text again and make up a list of steps to apply for a job.
- •9. Complete the responsibilities from a worker’s diary, using must or mustn’t and the correct verb from the box.
- •10. Complete the lines with words from the box.
- •11. Complete this conversation, in which Jane asks Nick about his job, using mustn’t or the correct form of have to and the words in brackets.1
- •17B. Listen to the interview again. Are these sentences true (t) or false (f)?
- •18. Work in small groups. What do you think?
- •2. Cv and Cover Letter
- •2. Consult the dictionary and read the words. Mind the stress in the underlined parts.
- •3. Answer the questions.
- •4. Read two texts about writing a cv and a cover letter. Then do the tasks after them. 1
- •8. Look at Tammy Vo’s resume. Find words or phrases with similar meanings to the words in the table.1
- •9A. Read the advertisement for a job and answer the questions:
- •9B. Carol is interested in the job. Read the information about her. Do you think she is the right person for the job in the advertisement above?
- •9C. Look at Carol’s cover letter and complete it with the information from the chart and the advertisement.
- •10. Complete this description using the past simple forms of the verbs in brackets.1
- •11. Complete this description of situations five years ago, using the past continuous and the verbs in brackets. Use short forms for negatives.1
- •12. Complete these sentences about someone’s day at work, using the Past Simple or the Past Continuous forms of the verbs in brackets.1
- •13. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •17. Write your own cv. Look at the cVs in ex. 7, 8 as an example.
- •18A. Study the structure of a cover letter.
- •18B. Read the advertisement for a job and write your cover letter. Follow the structure in ex. 19a.
- •3. Interview
- •1. Study the Word List.
- •2. Complete the table. Use a dictionary to help you.
- •3. Match the words (1-5) with their definitions (a-e).
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Read the texts paying attention to the words in bold and do the task after it. Hiring New Employees1
- •Interviewing Job Applicants
- •6. Decide if the statements are true or false.
- •7. Underline the two words or phrases in each group that can go with the verbs in bold.
- •8. Fill in the text with the words from the box.
- •9. Complete this conversation between Jack and Tom about a friend of theirs, using the Present Perfect. 1
- •10. Write the sentences about a friend, using the Present Perfect and for or since.2
- •11. Put for, since, in or ago into each gap.
- •12A. Match the beginnings in a with the endings in b to make a story of Nancy Mann’s life in Present Perfect or Past Simple.
- •12B. Work in pairs. Write similar tables of your own life. Ask your partner to match the events and the times to tell the story of your life. Correct any wrong time expresions.
- •13. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
- •17A. Read the interview and do the task after it.
- •Texts for Reading and Discussion Text a
- •3. Read the text and match the headings above (1-9) with the paragraphs in the text (a-h). There is one extra topic. Odd Jobs1
- •4. Read the text again and answer these questions.
- •5. 'Odd jobs' mean both strange jobs and small jobs (e.G. Washing someone's car). Have you ever done any odd jobs? Tell the class.
- •6. Match the words from the box with do or make. Then make up sentences with them.
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •2. Read the article and find information about the following.
- •The Online Job Market1
- •Stop and Check 3
- •5. Put the words in the correct order.
- •7. Put the paragraphs (a-d) of the letter in the right order.
- •8. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •References (unit 3) Список основной литературы
- •Список дополнительной литературы
- •Интернет-ресурсы
- •Unit 4. State and society
- •1. Countries and Cities
- •1. Study the Word List.
- •2. Form the adverb from the adjective. Use a dictionary if necessary. Then make up collocations with the words.
- •3. Answer these questions, using the words from the Word List.
- •4. Read the text about top cities and do the tasks after it. Top Cities1
- •5. Answer these questions.
- •6. Write the opposite meaning of the sentences. Replace the underlined words with the words from the box.
- •7. Complete the table of countries, nationalities and languages. Then study this information and do exercises after it. Countries, nationalities and languages
- •12. Study the information in the box and complete the sentences below with the name of the people from the country on the right.
- •13. Complete the table with the comparative or superlative form of the adjective.
- •14. Underline the correct word in brackets.
- •15. Match an adjective with its opposite. Which adjectives describe life in big cities? small cities? Compare them.
- •16. Open the brackets to make comparative or superlative sentences.
- •17. Write the correct form of the adjectives.
- •18A. Leroy is answering questions about his home town, London. Complete the questions with is or are and the correct words from the box. Then listen and check.
- •18B. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the same questions about the city you are in now.
- •18C. Last year Leroy was Berlin, Tokyo and Detroit. Listen and complete the interview with him.
- •18D. Work in pairs. Compare some cities in your country.
- •19A. Work in pairs. Talk with your partner about your city. Ask and answer the questions:
- •20. Work in small groups. What do you think?
- •21. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •22A. Read the text and complete it using the phrases from the box.
- •The City of My Dream
- •22B. Write four paragraphs about your city. Begin each paragraph with the same words in bold as in the text about London. Write 100 - 150 words.
- •2. Politics
- •1. Study the Word List.
- •2. Complete the table. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •3. Answer the questions, using the words from the Word List.
- •4. Read the text paying attention to the words in bold and do the task after it. Politics1
- •Major English Speaking Countries
- •9. Make a few sentences with the words from the table above. You may give additional information if you know.
- •10. Study the table and make sentences with these words.
- •Rewrite the sentences using the words on the right. The meaning must be the same. Make any necessary changes.
- •12. Fill the gaps in this text about the political system in the United Kingdom using the words from the box.
- •13. Look at these hopes for the future. Make sentences using If …, I’ll … .
- •I don’t go out so much
- •14. Tick the correct sentence.
- •15. Write the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •16. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •19. Finish the following sentences.
- •20. Write a short composition where you should describe any type of the government you want (not more than 100 words).
- •3. Bureaucracy
- •1. Study the Word List.
- •Bureaucracy1
- •5. Decide if the statements are true or false.
- •6. Complete these sentences with a suitable word.
- •7. Match the expressions and questions.
- •8. Rewrite these sentences in more informal English.
- •9. Put the verbs in the correct form.
- •10. Give advice using If I were you, I’d … .
- •11A. Read about the global village and complete the sentences below with the verbs in the box.
- •The Global Village
- •If the world were a village of 100 people …
- •15. Fill in the form in capital letters. Then compare the information on your form with other students.
- •1. Close your eyes and think of the United States. Write down the first five things you think of. Then compare your list with other students.
- •2. Read the introduction to the magazine article in the box and predict what the text will be about. Living in the usa1
- •3. Work in three groups: read the part of the article and answer the questions.
- •Roberto Solano aged 24, from Mexico
- •Endre Boros aged 45, from Hungary
- •Yuet Tung aged 31, from Hong Kong
- •4. Find a partner from each of the other two groups. Exchange the information. Then answer the questions below and compare your answers.
- •1. Divide into two groups (a and b), read your texts and answer the questions to them.
- •London: the world in one city1
- •1 Posh Daddy from Nigeria
- •2 Staff in the kitchen of the Asadal
- •3 The staff in the Yasar Halim Bakery
- •4 Portuguese football fans in the fc Porto Fan Club in Stockwell
- •2. Work with a partner from the other group. Compare your answers and discuss the following questions:
- •3. Work in pairs. Mark if the following statements are true or false.
- •Stop and Check 4
- •2. Underline the correct word in brackets.
- •3. Write the last three letters in each word.
- •6. Put the words in the correct order.
- •References (unit 4) Список основной литературы
- •Список дополнительной литературы
- •Интернет-ресурсы
- •Unit 5: companies
- •1. Forms of Business Organization
- •1. Study the Word List.
- •What sort of company is it?1
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •7. Match the types of business organizations on the left with the definitions on the right1.
- •10. Match the information about these multinational companies to the correct company logo2.
- •11. Complete the sentences below with the words and phrases from the box.
- •12. Complete the extract from a company report with appropriate words or phrases from the box in exercise № 11. Financial performance1
- •13. Look at the following verbs and form the present simple passive forms as in the example.
- •14. The following sentences are in Active form. Rewrite them in Passive as in the example.
- •15. Look at the following sentences and complete the questions.
- •16. Look at the following sentences. Chose the correct word in italics.
- •17. Read the e-mail from Judy to her boss. Then use the information to complete the sentences below 1.
- •17. Listen to three people talking about companies1.
- •Listen to the first speaker. Make notes on the company.
- •Listen to the second speaker. Complete these notes.
- •Listen to the third speaker and answer these questions.
- •18. Work in pairs.
- •Say what you know about the companies in the table1.
- •19. Which of these business sectors do you work in (or would you like to work in)? Can you name a company in each sector?1
- •19. Work in groups. Choose one of these companies.
- •20. Prepare a short presentation about a company. Include:
- •2. Organizational Structure
- •1. Study the Word List.
- •2. Match the words (1-7) with the explanations (a-g).
- •3. Answer the questions before reading the text.
- •4. Read the text paying attention to the words in bold and do the tasks after it. What Is Organizational Structure?
- •5 . Study the organization of the company below.
- •6. Below is a diagram showing the structure of a “mixed” type of multinational company based in the usa.
- •7. Read the whole text and then draw the organization chart:
- •8 . Below is part of the structure of a medium-sized subsidiary of a uk parent company.
- •9. Write sentences from the words in brackets.
- •10. Complete the sentences as in the example.
- •11. Rewrite the sentences in past perfect passive.
- •12. Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences with the passive forms of the verbs. Use the Past Simple, Past Continuous, or Past Perfect.
- •13. Rewrite the following passage in the passive.
- •1 4. A manager from bicc describes her company. Listen and complete organization chart below:
- •15. Work in pairs, Student a and Student b1.
- •16. Prepare to make a short presentation about a company to the class. Write notes first about company’s:
- •3. Company’s History
- •Study the Word List.
- •2. Which preposition do we use with:
- •3. Answer the questions before reading the text.
- •4. Read the text paying the attention to the words in bold and do the task after it. Company’s History1
- •5. Match the words with their definitions.
- •6. Find the best verb in the box to complete each of the sentences.
- •7. Complete this company’s history.
- •8. Work in pairs and discuss what you know about Ford and its history. Now read the magazine article. Ford of Britain 1
- •9. Correct the false sentences.
- •10. Complete these sentences with the following verbs. Use these verbs in the Future Simple Passive.
- •11. The following sentences are in the Active Voice, rewrite them in the Passive.
- •12. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive.
- •13. Pat Woodgate describes the history of the company he works for, Zurich Financial Services Group1.
- •14. Company presentation
- •15. Write a letter to your friend on one of the suggested topics:
- •Texts for Reading and Discussion Text a
- •1. Match the words with their definitions
- •2. Find Russian equivalents for the following English phrases
- •3. Read the text. What is the Purpose of a Board of Directors?1
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •Find Russian equivalents for the following English phrases
- •2. Match the words with their definitions
- •3. Read the text What is a Small Business?1
- •Answer the questions
- •Stop and Check 5
- •1. Rewrite the sentences in the Passive.
- •2. Choose the right variant
- •3. Choose the most appropriate word to be used in each sentence.
- •4. Fill in the missing letters to answer the questions. What do we call a department in a company:
- •5. Read the text and decide which statements are true. Ford: the road to recovery
- •6. Translate the sentences into English.
- •References (unit 5) Список основной литературы
- •Список дополнительной литературы
- •Интернет-ресурсы
- •Management
- •Text 1. Managers
- •1. Study the Word List.
- •2. Match the words to make sentences.
- •3. Answer the questions before reading the text.
- •Read the text paying attention to the words in bold and do the tasks after it. Who are managers? 1
- •8. Look at the list of adjectives in the box and:
- •9. Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in suitable Present Tenses.
- •10. Complete the following sentences using one of the verbs from the box in The Present Simple, The Present Continuous, The Present Perfect, The Present Perfect Continuous or The Past Simple.
- •11. Translate the following sentences:
- •12. Put the sentences into active or passive.
- •13. Complete the report by putting the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Active (has done) or Present Perfect Passive (has been done). Brazil
- •14. Nigel Nicholson is Professor of Organizational Behaviour at the London Business School. Listen to the first part of the interview and complete the notes, using up to three words each time1.
- •Writing
- •Text 2. The Management Process
- •2. Complete the table. Use a dictionary to help you.
- •3. Answer the questions before reading the text.
- •3. Read the text paying the attention to the words in bold and do the task after it. What is management?1
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Write a synonym for each of these words.
- •Fill in prepositions or particles where necessary and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •7. Complete the table:
- •8. Match the words or phrases on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •9. Underline the best option in italics.
- •10. Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in suitable Past Tenses.
- •11. Change these sentences into Passive. Make the underlined words subjects of the passive sentences.
- •12. Rewrite the newspaper report below using the Passive where possible.
- •13. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive.
- •14. You will hear a part of the interview with Steve Moody, the manager of the Marks and Spencer store in Cambridge, England. What do you know about Marks and Spencer? What do they sell?1
- •15. Make presentations to each other on one of the following topics. Feel free to state your personal opinion:
- •Writing
- •Text 3. Management Skills
- •1. Study the Word List.
- •2. Answer the questions before reading the text.
- •3. Read the text paying the attention to the words in bold and do the task after it. Management Skills1
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Find words in the text which mean the following.
- •6. Complete the sentences with one of the following words in the box.
- •7. Match the verbs with the appropriate phrases.
- •8. Choose an appropriate preposition for each case:
- •9. Stella is the manager of an international advertising agency. She is talking about her plans for the coming week. Put her words in the correct order.
- •10. Underline the correct option in italics.
- •11. Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in suitable Future Tenses.
- •12. Put the verb in brackets into the Passive.
- •13. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive.
- •14. You will hear Steve Moody, the manager of the Marks and Spencer store in Cambridge, talking about how he and the company try to motivate staff.1
- •Speaking
- •16. Personnel assistant should prepare an agenda of the meeting.
- •1. Read the text and complete the table:
- •Manager’s Responsibilities1
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •Text b Decision-making
- •1. Read the collocations.
- •2. Read the text. Decision-making and strategic management thinking2
- •3. Answer the questions.
- •Stop and check 6
- •Put the following sentences into the Passive Voice.
- •2. Add one missing word to each sentence.
- •3. Complete each mini dialogue by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form. One verb will be in the present perfect and the other in the present continuous. Use contractions where possible.
- •4. Complete the sentences using one of the following words:
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Read the text.
- •Answer the questions:
- •7. Translate into English.
- •References (unit 6) Список основной литературы
- •Список дополнительной литературы
- •Интернет-ресурсы
- •Speaking Bank
- •1. Phrases for Presentation
- •2. Phrases for Discussion
- •Официальное письмо (Formal letter)
- •Формы обращения и заключения
- •Фразы и выражения, рекомендуемые при написании различных писем личного характера
- •Фразы и выражения, рекомендуемые при написании различных писем официального характера
- •Сочинение-описание
- •Articles (Артикли)
- •Pronouns (Местоимения)
- •The Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives (Степени сравнения прилагательных)
- •The Degrees of Comparison of Adverbs (Степени сравнения наречий)
- •Numerals (Числительные)
- •Спряжение глагола to be
- •Спряжение глагола to have
- •The Constructions: There is / there are
- •Present Indefinite
- •Past indefinite
- •Future Indefinite
- •The Present Simple Tense (Настоящее простое время)
- •The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense (Настоящее длительное время)
- •The Present Perfect Tense (Настоящее совершенное время)
- •Образование Present Perfect
- •The Future Simple (Indefinite) Tense (Простое будущее время)
- •Оборот: to be going to
- •The Past Simple Tense (Простое прошедшее время)
- •The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense (Прошедшее длительное время)
- •The Past Perfect Tense (Прошедшее совершенное время)
- •Modal Verbs (Модальные глаголы)
- •Passive Voice (Страдательный залог)
- •Conditional II (Present Unreal) (Второй тип условных предложений)
- •Types of Questions (Типы вопросительных предложений)
- •1. Общий вопрос.
- •2. Специальный вопрос.
- •3. Вопрос к подлежащему
- •4. Альтернативный вопрос
- •5. Разделительный вопрос
The Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives (Степени сравнения прилагательных)
Имена прилагательные в английском языке имеют три степени сравнения: положительную (the Positive), сравнительную (the Comparative) и превосходную (the Superlative).
Сравните: great – greater – the greatest
Сравнительная степень односложных прилагательных и двусложных прилагательных образуется при помощи суффикса -er, превосходная -est. Прилагательные, заканчивающиеся на у, при добавлении суффиксов меняют окончание y на i.
Сравнительная степень двусложных и многосложных прилагательных образуется при помощи слова more (более) или less (менее). Превосходная степень при помощи слов most (самый) или least (наименее).
Перед сочетанием прилагательного в превосходной степени с существительным употребляется определённый артикль the.
Если прилагательное односложное, с краткой корневой гласной и одной согласной на конце слова, то эта согласная удваивается в сравнительной и превосходной степени.
Положительная степень |
Сравнительная степень |
Превосходная Степень |
long |
longer |
(the) longest |
big |
bigger |
(the) biggest |
happy |
happier |
(the) happiest |
comfortable |
more comfortable |
(the) most comfortable |
Исключения:
Положительная степень |
Сравнительная степень |
Превосходная степень |
good |
better |
(the) best |
bad |
worse |
(the) worst |
far |
farther further |
(the) farthest (the) furthest |
little |
less |
(the) least |
The Degrees of Comparison of Adverbs (Степени сравнения наречий)
Многие наречия могут иметь степени сравнения, которые образуются так же, как и степени сравнения прилагательных.
Односложные наречия образуют сравнительную степень путем прибавления суффикса –er, а превосходную степень – суффикса –est к форме положительной степени. Так же образует степени сравнения двусложное наречие early.
Положительная степень |
Сравнительная степень |
Превосходная степень |
fast |
faster |
fastest |
hard |
harder |
hardest |
late |
later |
latest |
early |
earlier |
earliest |
Наречия, образованные от прилагательных при помощи суффикса –ly, образуют сравнительную степень при помощи more, а превосходную при помощи most.
Положительная степень |
Сравнительная степень |
Превосходная степень |
clearly |
more clearly |
most clearly |
correctly |
more correctly |
most correctly |
Степени наречий often, quickly, slowly образуются обоими способами:
Often – oftener/more often – oftenest/most often
Исключения:
Положительная степень |
Сравнительная степень |
Превосходная степень |
well |
better |
best |
badly |
worse |
worst |
much |
more |
most |
little |
less |
least |
far |
Farther/further |
farthest/furthest |
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