11.Translate from Russian into English.

1. Население Москвы около 9 миллионов человек.

2. Первоначально это была маленькая крепость.

3. Москва названа в честь Москвы-реки на которой она расположена.

4. Москва основана Ю. Долгоруким в 1147 году.

5. В 13 веке Русь попала под иго Монголо-Татар, а в 14 веке она сбросила иностранное иго.

6. В 15 веке Москва стала столицей Российского государства.

7. Москва всегда занимала ведущее место в жизни нашей страны.

8. Москва очень красивый город с прекрасными зданиями, архитектурными памятниками, площадями и зелёными парками.

9. Это также крупный научный центр со множеством учебных заведений и исследовательских институтов.

10. Московское метро, без сомнения, лучшее в мире.

11. Оно соединяет центр нашей страны со всеми районами и пригородами.

12. Город известен историческими памятниками, музеями, художественными галереями.

12.Speak on the topic: “Moscow”.

13.Read and translate the text b.

MOSCOW AS THE CENTRE OF UNIQUE AND ANCIENT CULTURE

The culture of Russia is famous all over the world. Russian opera and ballet, music, fine arts, literature are believed to be the finest examples of professionalism and genius.

The Russian school of ballet is famous for its well-trained and hard-working dancers. Masterpieces of Russian opera are in the collection of the best operas in the world. The Russian school of painting began with icon-painting. Well-known icon-painters Pheophan Greek and Andrey Rublyov, as well as unknown artists, created masterpieces which attract tourists from all over the world.

There are many places of interest in Moscow. The Red Square is the heart of Moscow. It was formed in the 15^th century and named “the Red Square” because of its beauty (at that time “red”) meant “beautiful”). Since the 16^th century it has been used for parades and ceremonies. The Cathedral of Basil the Blessed was erected in the 16^th century and since then has been the jewel of Russian architecture. It was built during the reign of Ivan the Terribl by architects Postnik and Barma, to commemorate Russia’s conquest of the Kazan kingdom in 1552. there is a legend that Ivan the Terrided the architects Barma and Postnik, because he didn’t want them to create another masterpiece. The monument to Minin and Pozharsky was opened in 1818, right after the reconstruction of the Red Square after the Fire of 1812. in the 19^th century the building of the Historical museum was constructed During 1924-1930 the Lenin Mausoleum was being built near the Kremlin wall. The Red Square is the point from which all distances in Russia are measured. It is also the place for official ceremonies and parades.

The Kremlin is a masterpiece of ancient Russian architecture. It is the oldest part of Moscow.

Moscow was built on seven hills, one of which was encircled by a red wall. The Kremlin stands on hill. The Kremlin as walls and towers of white stone was erected in 1367. in 1485-1495 it was rebuilt in red brick. The towers of the Kremlin assumed their present look in the 17^th century. There are many cathedrals on the territory of the Kremlin – the Cathedral of Assumption, of Archangels, of Twelve Apostles. There are Oruzheynaya Palata and Granovitaya Palata.

Oruzheynaya Palata is one of the oldest and richest museums. It was started in the 14^th century as the collection of royal carriages, plates and dishes, arms and dishes, arms and armour, ceremonial dresses of tsars and tsarinas and state symbols such as thrones, the hat of Monomach, the crowns.

The Tsar Bell and the Tsar Cannon are examples of skills of Russian craftsmen. Tsar Bell was cast in 1733-1735 and weighed more than 200 tons. The Tsar Cannon was cast to defend the Kremlin, but never been used then.

The Tretyakov Gallery is the greatest museum of Russian art. It was founded in 1856 by P.M. Tretyakov as a private collection but in 1892 was granted to the state. After 1917 numerous private collections were added to create this wonderful museum.