Герундий (Gerund)

Герундий - это неличная форма глагола, совмещающая в себе черты существительного и глагола. Она образуется прибавлением суффикса -ing к основе глагола.

Существуют следующие формы герундия:

	Active	Passive
Present	seeing, writing	Being seen, being written	простые формы: одновременность или будущее
Perfect	having seen, having written	Having been seen, having been written	перфектные формы: предшествование

В предложении герундий может быть:

1. подлежащим:

Skating will do you a lot of good.

2. частью сказуемого – после глагола to finish, to stop, to start, to continue, to go on, to keep on:

He finished speaking.

3. предложным дополнением: be surprised at seeing, be interested in reading, be fond of swimming, thank for helping.

4. Прямым дополнением – после глаголов to like, to need, to prefer, to remember, to enjoy, to mind:

Do you like reading?

5. определением – всегда с предлогом после таких существительных, как idea (of), way (of), chance (of), interest (in), hope (of):

I like the idea of going there.

6. обстоятельством времени – всегда с такими предлогами, как on, before, after, in:

On coming home I had a short rest.

Before leaving for Minsk we shall ring you up.

7. обстоятельством образа действия или сопутствующим обстоятельством – всегда с такими предлогами, как by, instead of, without, besides, through:

You can improve your pronunciation by reading aloud.

Instead of staying at home she went for a walk.

Герундий на русский язык переводится отглагольным существительным, инфинитивом, деепричастием, глаголом в личной форме, придаточным предложением.

Exercises

Exercise 1. Use Gerunds instead of subordinate clauses.

E.g. She thought she would go to the country for the weekend.

She thought of going to the country for the weekend.

1. I thought I would come and see you tomorrow.

2. I think that I shall go out to the country tomorrow to see my mother.

3. I thought I would work in the library this evening, but as you have come, I won’t go to the library.

4. We were thinking we would plant roses this year.

5. I thought I would go to the zoo, but the weather is so bad that probably I shan’t go.

E.g. When she has bought everything she needed, she went home.

After buying everything she needed, she went home.

1. After she took the child to the kindergarten, she went to the library to prepare for her exam.

2. When he had made a thorough study of the subject, he found that it was a great deal more important than he had thought at first.

3. After I had hesitated some minutes whether to buy the hat or not, I finally decided that I might find one I liked in another shop.

4. When she had graduated from the university, she left St. Petersburg and went to teach in her hometown.

5. When she had proved that the theory was correct, he started to write that work.

Exercise 2. Translate into Russian paying attention to the form of the Gerund

1. Why do you avoid speaking to me?

2. She tried to avoid being spoken to.

3. The doctor insisted on sending the sick man to the hospital.

4. The child insisted on being sent home at once.

5. He showed no sign of recognizing me.

6. He showed no sign of being surprised.

7. He had a strange habit of interfering in other people’s business.

8. I was angry at being interrupted every other moment.

9. The results of the experiment must be checked and rechecked before being published.

10. David was tired of being scolded all the time.

Exercise 3. Open the brackets. Use Gerund in the required form.

1. The machine needs (to clean).

2. I am quite serious (to say) that I don’t want to go abroad.

3. He seemed sorry (to be) inattentive to his child.

4. She confessed (to forget) to send the letter.

5. The old man could not stand (to tell) what he should do.

6. Going to the party was no use: he had no talent for (to dance).

7. After thoroughly (to examine) the student, the professor gave him a satisfactory mark.

8. She accused him of (to steal) her purse.

9. She reproached me for (not to write) to her.

10. This job is worth (to take).

Exercise 4. Choose the right variant.

1. I don’t mind _____ Zac. It’s a nice nickname.

a) calling

b) being called

c) having been called

2. The safe showed no sign of _____.

a) touching

b) being touched

c) having been touched

3. Our teacher suggests _____ test next week.

a) writing

b) being written

c) having been written

4. I really appreciate _____ this opportunity. I’ll do my best.

a) giving

b) being given

c) having been given

5. She strongly objected to our _____ a fire.

a) making

b) being made

c) having been made

6. The child was punished by _____ to bed without dinner.

a) sending

b) being sent

c) having been sent

7. He was clever enough _____ _____ in this delicate situation.

a) avoiding, speaking

b) to avoid, to speak

c) avoiding, to speak

d) to avoid, speaking

8. I wonder if there is any use _____ _____ the results.

a) trying, improving

b) trying, to improve

c) to try, to improve

d) to try, improving

9. I used a car to get to work, and now I can’t get used to _____ by bus.

a) go

b) going

10. Do you remember _____ your last exam? Was it hard?

a) take

b) to take

c) taking