Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)

Passive Voice – эта такая форма сказуемого, которая указывает на то, что действие направлено на подлежащее, то есть подлежащее пассивно по отношению к действию.

Passive Voice образуется по форме: to be + Past Participle (V₃) основного глагола.

Глагол to be спрягается, согласуясь с подлежащим в лице и числе, а также изменяется по временам:

Present Simple	am / is / are + Past Participle He is invited to the party.
Past Simple	was / were + Past Participle He was invited to the party.
Future Simple	shall / will be + Past Participle He will be invited to the party.

Вопросительная форма образуется по инверсии.

Is he invited to the party?

Отрицательная форм образуется с помощью отрицательной частицы not, которая всегда стоит после первого вспомогательного глагола:

He was not invited to the party.

В страдательном залоге могут употребляться все глаголы, после которых следует любое дополнение (прямое, косвенное, предложное):

His book was talked about a lot.

На русский язык страдательный залог может переводиться:

e. g. The child was examined in the hospital.

а) неопределенно-личными предложениями:

Ребенка обследовали в больнице.

б) глаголами, оканчивающимися на –сь, -ся:

Ребенок обследовался в больнице.

в) при помощи глагола быть и краткой формы причастия смыслового глагола.

Ребенок (был) обследован в больнице.

Дополнение при глаголе в страдательном залоге, обозначающее лицо, употребляется с предлогом by и with:

This report was made by Comrade Belov. Этот доклад был сделан товарищем Беловым.

Exercises

Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. They often speak about him.

2. This name was mentioned in his novel.

3. We shall insist upon strict discipline.

4. He lectures are listened to with great interest.

5. I was shown a new book.

6. These mountains are called the Alps.

7. A new laboratory will be built at our Institute.

8. Twice a year the students have their vacations.

9. These schools are built in this district.

10. Moscow was founded more then 800 years ago.

Exercise 2. Use the verbs in brackets in the Passive Voice.

1. These problems (to solve) last month.

2. He (to send) to study at the University soon.

3. The books (to take) from the library yesterday.

4. The exams (to pass) every term.

5. Physics (to study) at school.

6. Dictionaries (to use) at the English lesson.

7. The cathedral (to build) in 1555.

8. The translation (to finish) tomorrow.

9. A bridge across the river (to build) two years ago.

10)The texts (to translate) every day.

Exercise 3. Choose the right variant.

1. The day before yesterday we (to invite) to the concert by Tom.

1. are invited b) were invited c) invite

2. The letter and the parcel (post) tomorrow.

1. will be post b) will post c) will be posted

3. In Greece the Olympic Games (hold) once in four years.

1. were held b) held c) are held

4. The Tower of London (build) by William the Conqueror in 1078 as a castle and palace.

1. built b) was built c) is built

5. Margaret (know) to be a very sociable and energetic person.

1. is known b) was known c) knows

6. I (bear) in a small town far from Oryol.

1. were born b) will be born c) was born

7. This book always (read) by the students of the first course.

1. is read b) are read c) is readed

8. The tickets (to leave) at the box-office yesterday.

1. left b) was left c) were left

9. Our exercises (to correct) at home by the teacher every week.

1. are corrected b) corrects c) will be corrected

10. The tops of the mountains (to cover) with snow.

1. were covered b) was covered c) are covered

Continuous Tense (Passive Voice)
Present	Past	Future
am/is/are being + Past Participle The letters are being written by him nowadays are being written Are the letters being written by him nowadays? The letters are not being written by him nowadays.	was/were being + Past Participle The letter was being written by him when I came in. Was being written Was the letter being written by him when I came in? The letter was not being written by him when I came in.	-