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Прошедшее совершенное время (The Past Perfect Tenses)

Выражает действие, которое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом, или ранее другого действия, имевшего место в прошлом. Ранее совершившееся действие выражается временем Past Perfect, более позднее действие в прошлом стоим в Past Simple.

Образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в прошедшем времени (had) и причастия прошедшего времени (Participle II).

Утвердительная форма

Отрицательная форма

Вопросительная форма

I

He

She had

It ( ‘d )

We

You

They

written.

I

He

She had not

It (hadn’t)

We

You

They

written.

I

he

she

Had it

we

you

they

written?

Будущее совершенное время (Future Perfect Tenses)

Выражает действие, которое будет закончено до определенного момента в будущем.

Образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в будущем времени и причастия прошедшего времени.

Утвердительная форма

Отрицательная форма

Вопросительная форма

I

We shall (‘ll)

He

She will

It ( ‘ll )

You

They

have written by 7 o’clock

I shall not

We (shan’t)

He

She will not

It (won’t)

You

They

have written by 7 o’clock

I

Shall we

he

Will she

it

you

they

have written by 7 o’clock?

Exercises

Exercise 1. Open the brackets and put the verb into the right form using the Perfect Tenses.

1.John and Richard just (go away) 2. Our guests (meet) before so we didn’t need to introduce them to one another. 3. The cat (drink) its milk. 4. Mary (finish) her work on the previous day so she was able to visit her sister in the country. 5. John had nothing to smoke because he (forget) to buy cigarettes. 6. When you come I (already decorate ) the fur-tree. 7. We (eat) our dinner. 8. The train just (go). 9. George never (be) in Australia. 10.We couldn’t play football that Saturday as it (rain) all the previous week.

Exercise 2. Make the sentences negative.

1. Jack has washed the dog. 2. Father had already cleaned his car when I came. 3. Mr. Snowdon has made a speech at the conference. 4. Granny has bought me some cakes. 5. They have painted their old house. 6. Liz has brought some flowers. 7. My sister will have already cooked dinner for the family when we come back home. 8. The cat has already eaten fish. 9. Mrs. Gracy has gone to London. 10. She has just broken the vase.

Exercise3. Choose the right variant.

1. My brother… just… .

a. has gone; b. had gone; c.went

2. He … her since 1991.

a. knows; b. has known; c. knew.

3. She … her work yet .

a. hasn’t finished; b. didn’t finish; c. doesn’t finish.

4. Have you ever seen an elephant.

a. had seen; b. have saw; c. have seen.

5. He went to bed at 10 o’clock yesterday.

a. has gone; b. went; c. had gone

6. He … his lessons by 5 o’clock.

a. will do; b. will have done; c. will be doing.

7. You … me by then.

a. will have forgotten; b. will forget; c. will be forgotten.

8. He… from school before you visited us.

a. came; b. has come; c. had come.

9. They … to the cinema when I rang them up.

a. went; b. has gone; c. had gone.

10. He …already .,. the door.

a. had closed; b. has closed; c. closed.