11. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Лондон – это политический, экономический и торговый центр Великобритании.

2. Лондон – один из старейших городов мира.

3. Лондон делится на 4 части – Сити, Ист Энд, Вест Энд, Вестминстер.

4. В Сити находится много старинных зданий, Собор Святого Павла среди них.

5. Лондонский Тауэр был основан Юлием Цезарем и перестроен Вильямом Завоевателем.

6. Все английские короли и королевы короновались в Вестминстерском Аббатстве.

7. Букингемский дворец – официальная резиденция королевы.

8. В Вест Энде находятся лучшие дома, магазины, рестораны.

9. В Ист Энде находятся фабрики, мастерские, доки.

10. Богатые люди живут в Вест Энде, а бедные – в Ист Энде.

12. Speak on the topic: “London”.

13. Read and translate the text b.

THE PORT AND THE DOCKS.

The Port and part of the Docks are also called the Pool of London. The port is probably the largest in the world, is it 100 kilometеrs long, from London Bridge down to the sea. Ships bring in their cargoes daily from four corners of the world. They come with butter and meat, sugar and fruit, tea and coffee, copper and wood brought from the far-away North and from the tropics.

The Port is full of workers of every nationality and race: you see British sailors, Scandinavians, Africans. This is the place for the unemployed, their only hope for a piece of bread. They come here when it is still dark, they fight at the Dock’s gates to get in first.

One can see many strange and interesting things in the Docks and in the Port of London. For example, one can often see the Police boat sailing up and down the Thames looking for the “water-rats”. Thousands of tons of goods are loaded and unloaded here daily and hundreds of those water-rats are always ready to pick at them.

14. Answer the following questions.

1. What is called the Pool of London?

2. How long is the port of London?

3. What cargoes do ships bring?

4. Where do ships bring cargoes from?

5. Is Port full of workers of different nationalities and race?

6. Is port the place for the unemployed?

7. What strange things can one see in the Docks?

8. What do “water-rats” do?

15. Complete the following sentences.

1. The Port and the part of the Docks are called … .

2. The port is the largest in the world from … .

3. Ships bring in their cargoes daily from … .

4. They come with butter … .

5. The Port is full of workers … .

6. They come here when it is … .

7. One can see the Police … .

8. Thousands of tons of goods are … .

16. Find in the text and read information about.

1. the ships which come to the Port;

2. workers in the Port.

17. Make a short summary of the text.

UNIT 3. HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

1. Practice the pronunciation of the following words.

Society, knowledge, science, equal, opportunity, lyceum, gymnasium, qualification, interview, enterprise, score, experience, creatively, tuition, resource, deficiencies, survival, require.

2. State a part of speech of the following words.

Development, scholarship, comprehensive, successful, usually, practical, different, organization, comprise, constantly, survival, elementary.

3. Give 3 forms of the following verbs.

To play, to solve, to open, to receive, to provide, to get, to enter, to develop, to obtain, to have, to give, to work, to depend.

4.Read and translate the text A.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA.

A higher school system plays an important role in the development of our country. Only highly-qualified specialists can solve the most complex problems facing our society. Knowledge, science and culture open the prospects for future.

The basic principle of the organization of national education in Russia is equal opportunities for all its citizens.

Residents of Russia of all nationalities have the right to education guaranteed by the Constitution. Primary (elementary) and secondary schools together comprise eleven years of studies. After finishing comprehensive school, lyceum or gymnasium graduates can go to the higher educational institution. One of the necessary qualifications for higher school is complete secondary education. Successful applicants at universities are usually admitted on the basis of entrance examinations records, interviews and their scores on the Tests. Entrance examinations differ depending on the choice of a higher school. Citizens can get higher education through the full-time, correspondent or evening departments. Those who study well receive scholarships. The Government provides state scholarships and grants for some students.

The academic year is divided into two terms, each ending in examinations. The students attend lectures and practical classes and have every opportunity to develop their talents and gifts. Sport is also an essential part of students’ life. In order to obtain practical experience all the students of higher schools have practical training at different enterprises, schools and offices. Every year thousands of graduates receive diplomas of higher education and start working in different branches of science, economy and production. Some of them enter postgraduate courses.

All higher schools in Russia are controlled by the state and the system of public education is being constantly improved. The higher school today doesn’t only give Knowledge to the students but develops their abilities to think creatively and to work productively.

Along with state higher schools existing in Russia many non-state institutions were opened. Thousands of young people who for some reason couldn’t enter any of the state educational establishments have got an opportunity to continue their studies and to get a higher education. Tuition in non-state institutes is not free of charge, it is rather expensive.

Nowadays Russia is going through a very difficult and at the same time a very important period of its historical development, a period of transition to a market economy. Large-scale reforms call upon large-scale changes. Political, economic and social restructing of society is taking place against a background of resource deficiencies: financial, energy, raw materials and many others. However, the most acute problem of all is the deficiency of intellectual resources and the lack of knowledge and skills required for survival of the market economy. So, the future of our country in many respects depends on the quality of education received by its citizens.