- •Contents
- •Unit 1 Economic Activity
- •Do your parents produce goods or services?
- •Why do they work? List as many reasons as possible.
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •To get money by working;
- •2. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •6. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •7.B Find adjectives in the text to the following nouns:
- •8. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •9.A Combine some of the words in these sentences in order to make new compound nouns:
- •9.B Invent your own compound nouns
- •10. Paraphrase the following sentences, substituting the words from your active vocabulary for the underlined words:
- •11. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •13. Extend the idea:
- •14. Complete the dialogue, translating Ukrainian sentences into English:
- •15.Translate into English:
- •Unit 2 The science of economics
- •4. Read the following text and check your answers:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Cross out an odd word:
- •6. Match a word from column a with one from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership:
- •7. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •8. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •9.A Make up words which relate to the word “economy” and translate them with the help of the vocabulary:
- •9.B Use these new words to complete the sentences below.
- •10. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •11.A In English, you can make the name of the person who does a job by adding one of the following suffixes:
- •11.B Add one of the suffixes to the following words. You will have to change some of the words a little.
- •13. Complete the dialogue, translating Ukrainian sentences into English:
- •14. Translate into English:
- •15. Extend the idea:
- •16. Do the crossword:
- •17. Write a letter to your friend abroad giving the main reasons of your entering the School of Economics of Kharkiv National University.
- •Unit 3 Different economic systems
- •1. Work in groups or as a class. Discuss the following questions:
- •2. Work with a partner. Ask him/her if he has friends or relatives from Ukraine abroad. What countries are they from? What nationalities are they?
- •3. In geography and economics we often refer to the parts of the world rather than list countries by name, e.G. The Middle East. Below there are 24 countries. List them under these five headings:
- •Answer the questions:
- •Complete these definitions with the words below:
- •3. Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5. Cross out an odd word:
- •6. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •7. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •8. Match a word from column a with one from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership:
- •9. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •10. Supply the missing articles where necessary:
- •11. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •12. Arrange these sentences in order to make a logical paragraph about the American and Chinese economies. Use connections however and while.
- •14. Find ten more names of countries in the square. You can read across and down:
- •15. Translate into English:
- •16. Extend the idea:
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •Work in pairs. Look at the following words. Do you know them? If not, look them up in your dictionary.
- •2. Complete the definitions with the words above:
- •1. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •7. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •8. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •9. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •10. Paraphrase the following sentences, substituting the words from your active vocabulary for the underlined words:
- •11. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •12.B Using the list of adjectives above complete these sentences with the appropriate words in their negative forms:
- •13.B Using the list of adjectives above complete these sentences with the appropriate words in their negative forms:
- •14. Do the crossword.
- •15. Extend the idea:
- •16. Complete the dialogue, translating Ukrainian sentences into English:
- •17. Translate into English:
- •Unit 5 Command and market economies
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Complete these definitions with the words below:
- •3. Read the text and check your answers.
- •1. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •2. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •3. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •4. Match the words from column a with the words from column b:
- •5. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •6.B Complete the following sentences with these adverbs:
- •7. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •8.Match the words from column a with the words from column b which mean the opposite:
- •9. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •12. Extend the idea:
- •13. Do the crossword:
- •15. Translate into English:
- •Unit 6 Mixed economies
- •1. Work in groups or as a class. Discuss the following questions:
- •Look up in a dictionary what these abbreviations stand for and complete the sentences:
- •4. Work with a partner. Fill in the gaps:
- •Work with a partner. List as many companies as you know with abbreviated names. What countries are they in? What line of business are they in?
- •Answer the questions:
- •4. Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5. Cross out an odd word:
- •6. Complete the following sentences with words or word combinations from the text:
- •7. Match an adjective from column a with a noun from column b:
- •8. Match a verb from column a with a noun/nouns from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership:
- •9. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •10. Supply the missing articles where necessary:
- •11. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •12. Change these sentences by modifying certain adjectives into verbs.
- •13. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •14. Combine these pairs of sentences in the two ways shown in the example.
- •15. Arrange these sentences in order to make a logical paragraph about the National Economic Development Council:
- •16. What-section. Translate the following sentences:
- •18. Complete the following sentences with suitable words:
- •19. Translate into English:
- •20. Extend the idea:
- •21. Write 300 words on the topic “Mixed economies”. Use the material provided in the texts and exercises.
- •Unit 7 Revision and conclusion
- •I. Choose the right answer:
- •II. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false sentences:
- •III. Translate into English:
- •IV. Write a summary (about 250 words) using the underlined words in the text.
- •T 100 otal
- •Unit 8 Utility and prices
- •Text a
- •1. Find words in the text for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5.Complete the following sentences with words or word combinations from the text:
- •6. Match a verb from column a with a noun from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership.
- •7. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •Finish the following sentences from memory:
- •Read the passage and fill in the gaps with the following words (the words may be used more than once):
- •Text b
- •1. Read these headlines. Suggest what they could mean. What do they tell you? Having read these headlines can you guess what the text is going to be about?
- •How Long Can a Commodity Satisfy a Want?
- •2. Read the text and choose the heading which from your point of view suits best:
- •1. The following are dictionary definitions of words or phrases in the text. Guess what these words are.
- •2.Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •6. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •7. Match an adjective from column a with noun/nouns from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership.
- •8. Extend the idea:
- •9. Finish the following sentences from memory:
- •10. Translate into English:
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 9 Supply and demand
- •1. Imagine you are a producer. You have goods which have cost you a lot to produce, but there are a lot of such things in the market. What would you do:
- •1. Match these definitions with the words below:
- •4. Read the text and check your answer.
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words can be substituted:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •4. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5.Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •7. Below are pairs of the sentences. In the first sentence there is a verb in italics. In the second sentence there is a blank. Make the italicized verb into a noun in order to fill the blank.
- •8. Supply the missing articles where necessary:
- •Discuss the following question in small groups:
- •2. Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5. Change these sentences using the auxiliary verbs do or did. These verbs are used for emphases.
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10 Labour and capital
- •1. Do this quiz individually. Then compare your answers with a partner:
- •2. Read the following definitions for the term ‘money’. Which one from your point of view is the most appropriate?
- •3. Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words can be substituted:
- •2. Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •8. Match an adjective from column a with nouns from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership:
- •9. Make the words negative by using the prefix dis-:
- •10. Combine these sentences by using not only … but also. This combination creates a contrast.
- •11. Complete the dialogue, translating Russian sentences into English:
- •12. Finish the following sentences from memory:
- •2. Read the following text:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •7. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •8. Finish the following sentences from memory:
- •9. Translate into English:
- •10. Extend the idea:
- •Unit 11 Markets and monopolies
- •Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •9. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •12. Paraphrase the following sentences, substituting the words from the text for the underlined words:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. The following are dictionary definitions of words in the text. Guess what these words are.
- •2. Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •Match an adjective from column a with a noun from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership.
- •8. Cross out an odd word:
- •9. Extend the idea:
- •10. Arrange these sentences in order to make a logical paragraph about the market and translate them into English:
- •11. Translate into English:
- •Unit 12 Conclusion
- •I. Choose the right answer:
- •II. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false sentences:
- •III. Translate into English:
- •Write a summary of the text (about 400 words).
8. Cross out an odd word:
particular / given / individual / special
number / quantity / set / group
perfect competition / market structure / monopoly / gold market
rivalry / friendship / contest / competition
legal monopoly / patent / law / ownership
sellers / buyers / competitors / economists
to indicate / to distinguish / to classify / to identify
water / electricity / natural resources / gas
9. Extend the idea:
A modern market differs greatly from the ancient one.
There are many types of market structures.
The economists distinguish four kinds of monopoly.
10. Arrange these sentences in order to make a logical paragraph about the market and translate them into English:
Сейчас рынок - это просто ряд условий, позволяющих продавцу и покупателю работать вместе.
Экономисты считают, что в совершенном рынке должно быть много продавцов и покупателей, и конкуренция должна быть неограниченной (полностью свободной).
Во-первых, современный рынок не имеет определённого географического положения.
Мы можем выделить два основных различия между современным рынком и древним рынком.
Обычно на рынке присутствует ограниченное число продавцов.
Некоторые объединённые промышленные предприятия “завоёвывают рынок “ для того, чтобы контролировать какой-то один вид товара.
Во-вторых, им не нужно встречаться лично, они могут общаться по телефону или через своих агентов.
Учёные называют такую ситуацию монополией.
Поэтому правительство вынуждено принимать специальные законы, направленные на ограничение таких действий.
Но это не всегда возможно в действительности.
11. Translate into English:
Уряд зазначив комісію для перевірки запланованого злиття компаній А & В. Економісти вважають, що ці компанії намагаються монополізувати продаж побутових приладів на західному ринку.
Згідно з статистикою багато компаній-гігантів порушують закон, намагаючись ‘захопити ринок’, здобути повний контроль на виробництво та продаж своїх товарів, але антимонопольні закони обмежують таку діяльність.
Ринок існує скрізь, де люди збираються разом, щоб купити або продати свої товари та послуги.
В умовах чистої конкуренції покупці та продавці можуть виходити на ринок або залишати його коли завгодно.
Компанія продає товар в умовах монополістичної конкуренції.
За останні роки зросла кількість об’єднань двох або більше компаній, які конкурують.
Коли уряд прийняв антимонопольні закони, небажані об’єднання припинили з’являтися.
За останню добу зміни у попиті та пропозиції призвели до коливання цін на ринку золота.
В умовах чистої конкуренції виробник вирішує скільки товару виробляти, а в умовах монополії спочатку треба вибрати ціну, а потім виробник вибирає бажану кількість товару, яка буде вироблятися за цю ціну.
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
Work as a group. An expert economist is giving a talk in your town this evening. Write down five questions you will want to ask him: five things you have never really understood about economics. Discuss possible answers in pairs.
VOCABULARY
English
|
Ukrainian |
Russian |
Competing companies |
компанії, які конкурують |
конкурирующие компании |
To accept |
приймати |
принимать; допускать, соглашаться |
According to |
згідно з, відповідно до чогось |
согласно, в соответсвии с; |
Ancient |
стародавній, давній |
древний |
Anti-trust laws |
антимонопольні (амер. антитрестовські) закони |
антимонопольные (амер. антитрастовые) законы |
Artificially |
штучно |
искусственно |
To bring high profits |
приносити високий прибуток |
приносить высокие прибыли |
Cable |
кабель |
кабель |
To communicate |
повідомляти, передавати |
сообщать, передавать |
‘To corner’ the market |
‘охоплювати’ ринок |
‘завоёвывать’ рынок |
To distinguish |
відрізняти |
различать, выделять |
Electricity |
електрика |
электричество |
Extension |
поширення, продовження, розвиток |
расширение, продолжение, развитие |
To fix prices |
встановлювати ціни |
устанавливать цены |
A flow of information |
потік інформації |
поток (изобилие) информации |
To fluctuate |
коливатися |
колебаться |
To gather |
збиратися |
собираться |
The given commodity |
даний, цей товар |
данный, этот товар |
Governmental intervention |
втручання уряду |
вмешательство правительства |
To have a full monopoly over smth. |
мати повну монополію на щ-н |
иметь полную монополию на что-либо |
In former days |
у давні часи, у давнину |
в прежние времена, в старину |
An idea |
поняття, уявлення |
понятие, представление |
Interference |
втручання |
вмешательство |
Inventor |
винахідник |
изобретатель |
It can be said |
можна сказати |
можно сказать |
To lay |
провести (труби) |
прокладывать (трубы) |
A market |
ринок, ринкова структура |
рынок, рыночная структура |
market conditions |
ринкові умови |
условия рынка |
The market price |
ринкова ціна |
рыночная цена |
market-day |
ринковий день |
рыночный день |
mergers |
злиття, поглинання компаній |
слияния, поглощения компаний |
natural monopolies |
натуральна монополія |
естественные монополии |
Perfect competition |
чиста конкуренція |
совершенная конкуренция |
In person |
особисто |
лично |
A pipe |
труба |
труба, трубопровод |
To prevail |
превалювати |
преобладать |
A point |
точка |
точка |
A rivalry |
конкуренція, змагання |
соперничество, конкуренция |
A set of conditions |
ряд умов |
ряд условий |
Subject (adj.) to special conditions |
зазнавати особливих умов |
подвергаться особым условиям |
A term |
термін |
термин |
Through geographical and geological circumstances |
за географічними та геологічними обставинами |
в силу географических и геологических условий |
Through one’s agents |
через агентів |
через ч-л агентов |
To obtain complete control over |
здобути повний контроль |
получить полный контроль над ч-л |
Undesirable |
небажаний |
нежелательный |