- •Contents
- •Unit 1 Economic Activity
- •Do your parents produce goods or services?
- •Why do they work? List as many reasons as possible.
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •To get money by working;
- •2. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •6. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •7.B Find adjectives in the text to the following nouns:
- •8. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •9.A Combine some of the words in these sentences in order to make new compound nouns:
- •9.B Invent your own compound nouns
- •10. Paraphrase the following sentences, substituting the words from your active vocabulary for the underlined words:
- •11. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •13. Extend the idea:
- •14. Complete the dialogue, translating Ukrainian sentences into English:
- •15.Translate into English:
- •Unit 2 The science of economics
- •4. Read the following text and check your answers:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Cross out an odd word:
- •6. Match a word from column a with one from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership:
- •7. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •8. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •9.A Make up words which relate to the word “economy” and translate them with the help of the vocabulary:
- •9.B Use these new words to complete the sentences below.
- •10. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •11.A In English, you can make the name of the person who does a job by adding one of the following suffixes:
- •11.B Add one of the suffixes to the following words. You will have to change some of the words a little.
- •13. Complete the dialogue, translating Ukrainian sentences into English:
- •14. Translate into English:
- •15. Extend the idea:
- •16. Do the crossword:
- •17. Write a letter to your friend abroad giving the main reasons of your entering the School of Economics of Kharkiv National University.
- •Unit 3 Different economic systems
- •1. Work in groups or as a class. Discuss the following questions:
- •2. Work with a partner. Ask him/her if he has friends or relatives from Ukraine abroad. What countries are they from? What nationalities are they?
- •3. In geography and economics we often refer to the parts of the world rather than list countries by name, e.G. The Middle East. Below there are 24 countries. List them under these five headings:
- •Answer the questions:
- •Complete these definitions with the words below:
- •3. Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5. Cross out an odd word:
- •6. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •7. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •8. Match a word from column a with one from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership:
- •9. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •10. Supply the missing articles where necessary:
- •11. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •12. Arrange these sentences in order to make a logical paragraph about the American and Chinese economies. Use connections however and while.
- •14. Find ten more names of countries in the square. You can read across and down:
- •15. Translate into English:
- •16. Extend the idea:
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •Work in pairs. Look at the following words. Do you know them? If not, look them up in your dictionary.
- •2. Complete the definitions with the words above:
- •1. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •7. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •8. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •9. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •10. Paraphrase the following sentences, substituting the words from your active vocabulary for the underlined words:
- •11. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •12.B Using the list of adjectives above complete these sentences with the appropriate words in their negative forms:
- •13.B Using the list of adjectives above complete these sentences with the appropriate words in their negative forms:
- •14. Do the crossword.
- •15. Extend the idea:
- •16. Complete the dialogue, translating Ukrainian sentences into English:
- •17. Translate into English:
- •Unit 5 Command and market economies
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Complete these definitions with the words below:
- •3. Read the text and check your answers.
- •1. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •2. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •3. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •4. Match the words from column a with the words from column b:
- •5. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •6.B Complete the following sentences with these adverbs:
- •7. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •8.Match the words from column a with the words from column b which mean the opposite:
- •9. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •12. Extend the idea:
- •13. Do the crossword:
- •15. Translate into English:
- •Unit 6 Mixed economies
- •1. Work in groups or as a class. Discuss the following questions:
- •Look up in a dictionary what these abbreviations stand for and complete the sentences:
- •4. Work with a partner. Fill in the gaps:
- •Work with a partner. List as many companies as you know with abbreviated names. What countries are they in? What line of business are they in?
- •Answer the questions:
- •4. Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5. Cross out an odd word:
- •6. Complete the following sentences with words or word combinations from the text:
- •7. Match an adjective from column a with a noun from column b:
- •8. Match a verb from column a with a noun/nouns from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership:
- •9. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •10. Supply the missing articles where necessary:
- •11. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •12. Change these sentences by modifying certain adjectives into verbs.
- •13. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •14. Combine these pairs of sentences in the two ways shown in the example.
- •15. Arrange these sentences in order to make a logical paragraph about the National Economic Development Council:
- •16. What-section. Translate the following sentences:
- •18. Complete the following sentences with suitable words:
- •19. Translate into English:
- •20. Extend the idea:
- •21. Write 300 words on the topic “Mixed economies”. Use the material provided in the texts and exercises.
- •Unit 7 Revision and conclusion
- •I. Choose the right answer:
- •II. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false sentences:
- •III. Translate into English:
- •IV. Write a summary (about 250 words) using the underlined words in the text.
- •T 100 otal
- •Unit 8 Utility and prices
- •Text a
- •1. Find words in the text for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5.Complete the following sentences with words or word combinations from the text:
- •6. Match a verb from column a with a noun from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership.
- •7. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •Finish the following sentences from memory:
- •Read the passage and fill in the gaps with the following words (the words may be used more than once):
- •Text b
- •1. Read these headlines. Suggest what they could mean. What do they tell you? Having read these headlines can you guess what the text is going to be about?
- •How Long Can a Commodity Satisfy a Want?
- •2. Read the text and choose the heading which from your point of view suits best:
- •1. The following are dictionary definitions of words or phrases in the text. Guess what these words are.
- •2.Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •6. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •7. Match an adjective from column a with noun/nouns from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership.
- •8. Extend the idea:
- •9. Finish the following sentences from memory:
- •10. Translate into English:
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 9 Supply and demand
- •1. Imagine you are a producer. You have goods which have cost you a lot to produce, but there are a lot of such things in the market. What would you do:
- •1. Match these definitions with the words below:
- •4. Read the text and check your answer.
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words can be substituted:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •4. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5.Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •7. Below are pairs of the sentences. In the first sentence there is a verb in italics. In the second sentence there is a blank. Make the italicized verb into a noun in order to fill the blank.
- •8. Supply the missing articles where necessary:
- •Discuss the following question in small groups:
- •2. Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5. Change these sentences using the auxiliary verbs do or did. These verbs are used for emphases.
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10 Labour and capital
- •1. Do this quiz individually. Then compare your answers with a partner:
- •2. Read the following definitions for the term ‘money’. Which one from your point of view is the most appropriate?
- •3. Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words can be substituted:
- •2. Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •8. Match an adjective from column a with nouns from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership:
- •9. Make the words negative by using the prefix dis-:
- •10. Combine these sentences by using not only … but also. This combination creates a contrast.
- •11. Complete the dialogue, translating Russian sentences into English:
- •12. Finish the following sentences from memory:
- •2. Read the following text:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •7. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •8. Finish the following sentences from memory:
- •9. Translate into English:
- •10. Extend the idea:
- •Unit 11 Markets and monopolies
- •Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •9. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •12. Paraphrase the following sentences, substituting the words from the text for the underlined words:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. The following are dictionary definitions of words in the text. Guess what these words are.
- •2. Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •Match an adjective from column a with a noun from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership.
- •8. Cross out an odd word:
- •9. Extend the idea:
- •10. Arrange these sentences in order to make a logical paragraph about the market and translate them into English:
- •11. Translate into English:
- •Unit 12 Conclusion
- •I. Choose the right answer:
- •II. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false sentences:
- •III. Translate into English:
- •Write a summary of the text (about 400 words).
8. Extend the idea:
Different commodities satisfy our needs in different ways.
Utility varies in relation to time, people and nations.
The higher the price is the fewer the consumer buys.
9. Finish the following sentences from memory:
In most economic systems the individual cannot …
When the consumer plans his expenditure …
A consumer will go on buying bananas …
With each successive purchase …
A point in time comes when …
The nature of a commodity …
There is a special relationship between …
The Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility states that …
10. Translate into English:
Здатність товарів та послуг задовольняти будь-які потреби називається корисністю.
Гранична корисність виміряє цінність речей.
Чим більше задоволення приносить товар споживачу, тим вище гранична корисність цього товару.
Лише доступні для споживача блага мають корисність.
Закон спадної граничної корисності впливає на формування споживчого вибору.
Кожен споживач прагне забезпечити собі максимальний рівень корисності. Він змушений діяти в межах певних бажань. За таких умов він повинен розподіляти свої можливості між кількома благами, щоб максимально задовольнитися.
Корисність цього товару дуже висока. Вона компенсує споживачу збиток грошей.
Більшість людей буде купувати цей товар, поки в них не з’явиться його надлишок.
Плануючи витрати і роблячи покупки ми приймаємо встановлені ціни, поки наше задоволення більш, ніж бажання витратити гроші, хоча з кожною наступною покупкою це бажання зменшується.
Однак цей економічний закон не діє, якщо ціна або якість товару зменшується.
11. Write a summary of about 100 words on the economist’s concept of utility. Use the material in the unit and the following linking phrases: as, therefore, when, and, so, that’s why, because, although.
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
Now you know the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility. How can it affect your willingness to buy everything you want? Ask your partners whether it encourages them to go shopping or prevents from unnecessary purchases?
Is the characteristic of a commodity to satisfy a want enough for buying it? Why? Why not?
Vocabulary
English |
Ukrainian |
Russian |
In advance |
заздалегідь |
заранее |
To bargain over |
торгуватися |
торговаться |
A centrally-planned economy |
централізована економіка |
централизованная экономика |
To compensate for |
компенсувати |
компенсировать |
To confuse with smth |
плутати з чим-небудь |
путать |
The current price |
поточна ціна |
текущая цена |
To diminish (v.) |
спадати |
уменьшаться |
To fall sharply |
різко падати |
резко падать |
Fixed prices |
тверді ціни (фіксовані) |
твёрдые цены (фиксированные) |
To follow one’s willingness |
керуватися бажанням |
руководствоваться желанием |
In different ways |
по-різному |
по-разному |
In general terms |
взагалі |
в общем |
The Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility |
Закон спадної граничної корисності |
Закон убывающей предельной полезности |
The loss of money |
збиток грошей |
убыток |
Marginal utility |
гранична корисність |
предельная полезность |
Maritime nations |
морські держави |
морские страны |
Mountain republics |
гірські держави |
горные республики |
Priority |
першочерговість, пріоритет |
порядок срочности, очерёдности |
Purchase |
покупка |
покупка |
Utility |
корисність |
полезность |
To vary between |
змінюватися |
разнится, варьирует между |