- •Contents
- •Unit 1 Economic Activity
- •Do your parents produce goods or services?
- •Why do they work? List as many reasons as possible.
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •To get money by working;
- •2. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •6. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •7.B Find adjectives in the text to the following nouns:
- •8. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •9.A Combine some of the words in these sentences in order to make new compound nouns:
- •9.B Invent your own compound nouns
- •10. Paraphrase the following sentences, substituting the words from your active vocabulary for the underlined words:
- •11. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •13. Extend the idea:
- •14. Complete the dialogue, translating Ukrainian sentences into English:
- •15.Translate into English:
- •Unit 2 The science of economics
- •4. Read the following text and check your answers:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Cross out an odd word:
- •6. Match a word from column a with one from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership:
- •7. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •8. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •9.A Make up words which relate to the word “economy” and translate them with the help of the vocabulary:
- •9.B Use these new words to complete the sentences below.
- •10. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •11.A In English, you can make the name of the person who does a job by adding one of the following suffixes:
- •11.B Add one of the suffixes to the following words. You will have to change some of the words a little.
- •13. Complete the dialogue, translating Ukrainian sentences into English:
- •14. Translate into English:
- •15. Extend the idea:
- •16. Do the crossword:
- •17. Write a letter to your friend abroad giving the main reasons of your entering the School of Economics of Kharkiv National University.
- •Unit 3 Different economic systems
- •1. Work in groups or as a class. Discuss the following questions:
- •2. Work with a partner. Ask him/her if he has friends or relatives from Ukraine abroad. What countries are they from? What nationalities are they?
- •3. In geography and economics we often refer to the parts of the world rather than list countries by name, e.G. The Middle East. Below there are 24 countries. List them under these five headings:
- •Answer the questions:
- •Complete these definitions with the words below:
- •3. Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5. Cross out an odd word:
- •6. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •7. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •8. Match a word from column a with one from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership:
- •9. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •10. Supply the missing articles where necessary:
- •11. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •12. Arrange these sentences in order to make a logical paragraph about the American and Chinese economies. Use connections however and while.
- •14. Find ten more names of countries in the square. You can read across and down:
- •15. Translate into English:
- •16. Extend the idea:
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •Work in pairs. Look at the following words. Do you know them? If not, look them up in your dictionary.
- •2. Complete the definitions with the words above:
- •1. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •7. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •8. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •9. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •10. Paraphrase the following sentences, substituting the words from your active vocabulary for the underlined words:
- •11. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •12.B Using the list of adjectives above complete these sentences with the appropriate words in their negative forms:
- •13.B Using the list of adjectives above complete these sentences with the appropriate words in their negative forms:
- •14. Do the crossword.
- •15. Extend the idea:
- •16. Complete the dialogue, translating Ukrainian sentences into English:
- •17. Translate into English:
- •Unit 5 Command and market economies
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Complete these definitions with the words below:
- •3. Read the text and check your answers.
- •1. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •2. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •3. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •4. Match the words from column a with the words from column b:
- •5. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
- •6.B Complete the following sentences with these adverbs:
- •7. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •8.Match the words from column a with the words from column b which mean the opposite:
- •9. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •12. Extend the idea:
- •13. Do the crossword:
- •15. Translate into English:
- •Unit 6 Mixed economies
- •1. Work in groups or as a class. Discuss the following questions:
- •Look up in a dictionary what these abbreviations stand for and complete the sentences:
- •4. Work with a partner. Fill in the gaps:
- •Work with a partner. List as many companies as you know with abbreviated names. What countries are they in? What line of business are they in?
- •Answer the questions:
- •4. Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5. Cross out an odd word:
- •6. Complete the following sentences with words or word combinations from the text:
- •7. Match an adjective from column a with a noun from column b:
- •8. Match a verb from column a with a noun/nouns from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership:
- •9. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •10. Supply the missing articles where necessary:
- •11. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •12. Change these sentences by modifying certain adjectives into verbs.
- •13. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •14. Combine these pairs of sentences in the two ways shown in the example.
- •15. Arrange these sentences in order to make a logical paragraph about the National Economic Development Council:
- •16. What-section. Translate the following sentences:
- •18. Complete the following sentences with suitable words:
- •19. Translate into English:
- •20. Extend the idea:
- •21. Write 300 words on the topic “Mixed economies”. Use the material provided in the texts and exercises.
- •Unit 7 Revision and conclusion
- •I. Choose the right answer:
- •II. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false sentences:
- •III. Translate into English:
- •IV. Write a summary (about 250 words) using the underlined words in the text.
- •T 100 otal
- •Unit 8 Utility and prices
- •Text a
- •1. Find words in the text for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5.Complete the following sentences with words or word combinations from the text:
- •6. Match a verb from column a with a noun from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership.
- •7. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
- •Finish the following sentences from memory:
- •Read the passage and fill in the gaps with the following words (the words may be used more than once):
- •Text b
- •1. Read these headlines. Suggest what they could mean. What do they tell you? Having read these headlines can you guess what the text is going to be about?
- •How Long Can a Commodity Satisfy a Want?
- •2. Read the text and choose the heading which from your point of view suits best:
- •1. The following are dictionary definitions of words or phrases in the text. Guess what these words are.
- •2.Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •6. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •7. Match an adjective from column a with noun/nouns from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership.
- •8. Extend the idea:
- •9. Finish the following sentences from memory:
- •10. Translate into English:
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 9 Supply and demand
- •1. Imagine you are a producer. You have goods which have cost you a lot to produce, but there are a lot of such things in the market. What would you do:
- •1. Match these definitions with the words below:
- •4. Read the text and check your answer.
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words can be substituted:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •4. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5.Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •7. Below are pairs of the sentences. In the first sentence there is a verb in italics. In the second sentence there is a blank. Make the italicized verb into a noun in order to fill the blank.
- •8. Supply the missing articles where necessary:
- •Discuss the following question in small groups:
- •2. Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
- •5. Change these sentences using the auxiliary verbs do or did. These verbs are used for emphases.
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10 Labour and capital
- •1. Do this quiz individually. Then compare your answers with a partner:
- •2. Read the following definitions for the term ‘money’. Which one from your point of view is the most appropriate?
- •3. Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words can be substituted:
- •2. Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •8. Match an adjective from column a with nouns from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership:
- •9. Make the words negative by using the prefix dis-:
- •10. Combine these sentences by using not only … but also. This combination creates a contrast.
- •11. Complete the dialogue, translating Russian sentences into English:
- •12. Finish the following sentences from memory:
- •2. Read the following text:
- •1. In the text find single words in italics for which these words and word combinations can be substituted:
- •2. Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •7. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
- •8. Finish the following sentences from memory:
- •9. Translate into English:
- •10. Extend the idea:
- •Unit 11 Markets and monopolies
- •Say whether these statements true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •9. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
- •12. Paraphrase the following sentences, substituting the words from the text for the underlined words:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and check your answers:
- •1. The following are dictionary definitions of words in the text. Guess what these words are.
- •2. Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •Match an adjective from column a with a noun from column b. Then make a sentence for each word partnership.
- •8. Cross out an odd word:
- •9. Extend the idea:
- •10. Arrange these sentences in order to make a logical paragraph about the market and translate them into English:
- •11. Translate into English:
- •Unit 12 Conclusion
- •I. Choose the right answer:
- •II. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false sentences:
- •III. Translate into English:
- •Write a summary of the text (about 400 words).
15. Extend the idea:
A person is economically free when he can do what he wishes with his time property and energy.
The freedoms of various individuals may conflict.
The government sets limits upon personal freedom.
16. Complete the dialogue, translating Ukrainian sentences into English:
Would you like to be (вільним)?
– Yes, surely.
– But it doesn’t mean that (ваш секретар може відповісти): “He is out” or “He is tied up” when you don’t want (розмовляти по телефону). (Бути вільним) means (підкорятися законам). (Закони накладають обмеження на особисту свободу) but a complete freedom may (призвести до великих труднощів). (Землевласники та власники фабрик) won’t think about people, about their (здоров’я, заробітну плату та пенсії, а роботодавці та робітники) won’t think about their work. (Анархія, безробіття та спад виробництва) will be the result of this.
I see, but where can I be ( повністю вільним)?
I think it’s impossible. (У будь-якому суспільстві існує своя складна система обмежень. Ми повинні жити у злагоді з законом).
17. Translate into English:
Деякі громадяни мають приватну власність, а деякі не мають.
Безробіття та спад виробництва пов’язані з нестабільною економікою та труднощами у відносинах між робітниками і роботодавцями.
Усі окремі громадяни повинні підкорятися законам, які приймає уряд, тому що ніхто не може бути повністю вільним у своїх діях.
Робітники і роботодавці часто конфліктують з приводу заробітної плати.
Нестабільність економіки може призвести до великих труднощів, наприклад, спад виробництва та безробіття.
Економічні закони захищають інтереси обох сторін. Вони є складними обмеженнями свободи громадян.
Ви вільні робити що завгодно зі своєю власністю, часом та зусиллями? - Я не знаю жодної людини, яка повністю вільна.
Не треба працювати надто довго, в нас достатньо часу щоб закінчити цю роботу завтра.
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
Work in pairs. Think of things that limit your freedom.
What way do they limit you? Is it a harmful intervention into your private life? If so, what measures do you take to resist?
What limits imposed on your freedom had positive effects?
ROLE PLAY
Work as a group. Read the following script. Guess what these people are talking about. Discuss the subject you’ve suggested using these words and expressions. Distribute roles and act out the dialogue.
Mother |
We’re not going to force you, Luigi. |
Father |
Nobody’s going to compel you to do it. Are we boys? |
All |
No. No. Of course not. No way. |
Brother |
No-one’s going to make you do anything you don’t want to. |
Other brother |
Right. You tell him, dad. |
Cousin |
You make up your own mind. |
Uncle |
The choice is yours. |
Other uncle |
It’s your decision. |
Mother |
It’s up to you. |
All |
Right. |
Brother |
You don’t have to do it if you you’d rather not. |
Other brother |
There is no need to do it if you prefer not to. |
Father |
You are under no obligation at all. |
Other uncle |
It’s a free country. |
Uncle |
A man’s allowed to change his mind, isn’t he? |
Brother |
Sure. Breach of promise is not prohibited by law any more, is it? |
Father |
Oh, no, not forbidden by law. Oh no. |
Mother |
No, the law can’t stop you doing whatever you like. |
Other brother |
That’s right. The law permits you to do as you can see fit… |
Cousin |
To do what you feel your duty is… |
Uncle |
As your conscience dictates. |
Mother |
So you please yourself. |
Uncle |
After all, you’ve got an option. |
Father |
You’ve got a clear alternative. |
Luigi |
I have? |
All |
Why yes. Sure. Of course. You bet you have. |
Luigi |
And if I don’t? |
Grandfather |
We’ll kill you. |
VOCABULARY
English |
Ukrainian |
Russian |
To adopt laws |
приймати |
принимать законы |
Anarchy |
анархія |
анархия, беззаконие |
As soon as |
як тільки |
как только |
To be beneficial towards smb |
бути вигідним для к-н; допомагати к-н. |
быть выгодным для к-л; помогать к-л. |
Community |
суспільство |
общество |
To conflict with smb, smth |
суперечити к-н, ч-н |
быть в конфликте, противоречить ч-л |
Contract between smb. |
контракт, договір між к-н |
контракт между к-л |
To cause great difficulties |
викликати великі труднощі |
вызывать большие трудности |
To create
|
створити, утворити; створювати, утворювати |
создать; создавать |
Economic ideology |
економічна ідеологія |
экономическая идеология |
To exercise one’s freedom (rights, power etc) |
користуватися, використовувати |
пользоваться, использовать |
To get one’s first pay
|
отримати першу платню |
получить первую плату (выплату) |
Government |
уряд |
правительство |
Instability |
нестабільність |
неустойчивость, нестабильность |
An individual |
особистість, людина |
личность, человек |
Landowner |
землевласник |
землевладелец |
Location
|
місцезнаходження, місце розташування |
месторасположение, размещение |
Loss of production |
спад виробництва |
спад производства |
On the one hand, on the other hand |
з одного боку, з іншого боку |
с одной стороны, с другой стороны |
Pensions |
пенсії |
пенсии |
Personal freedom |
особиста свобода |
личная свобода |
Labour |
праця, робоча сила |
труд, рабочая сила |
Relatively simple |
відносно простий |
относительно простой |
To require |
вимагати |
требовать |
Salary |
заробітна плата, зарплата |
заработная плата, зарплата |
Secure |
безпечний |
безопасный |
Security |
безпека |
безопасность |
To set limits upon |
установлювати обмеження на к-н, щ-н |
устанавливать ограничения на к-н, ч-н |
Solvent |
платоспроможний |
платёжеспособный |
Unemployment |
безробіття |
безработица |
Unstable economy |
нестабільна економіка |
нестабильная экономика |
Unsuitable places
|
непідхожі, невідповідні місця |
неподходящие места |
Wages
|
заробітна плата, зарплата
|
заработная плата, зарплата |