- •Часть 2
- •1) Answer the questions.
- •2) Mark the statements as true or false according to the text.
- •3) Decide what type of product each passage illustrates.
- •4) Fill in the suitable words from the list (buy, consumer, difference, goods, people, industrial, services, threefold).
- •5) Make word combinations.
- •6) Match words with their definitions.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Mark the statements as true or false.
- •Fill in the suitable words from the list (control, distribution, availability, logistician, cycle, strategy, stocking, deployment).
- •1.Weight-Bulk Ratio
- •2. Value-Weight Ratio
- •3. .Substitutability
- •4. Risk Characteristics
- •Answer the questions.
- •Decide if the following statements are true or false.
- •Make word combinations from the following words.
- •Fill in the suitable words from the list (explode, price, costs, features, stolen, restrictions, system, risk).
- •1. F.O.B. Pricing
- •2. Zone pricing.
- •3. Single, or Uniform, Pricing
- •4. Freight Equalization Pricing
- •5. Basing Point Pricing
- •1) Answer the questions.
- •1) Answer the questions.
- •1) Answer the questions.
- •2) Make up word combinations from the following words.
- •3) Fill in the following words into the text ( destination, primary, point, cycle, loading, logistician, stocking, time, order ).
- •1) Answer the questions.
- •Information Substitution.
- •3) Match the following words to their definitions.
- •1. Order preparation.
- •Order transmittal.
- •3. Order entry.
- •Order filling.
- •Order status reporting.
- •1) Answer the questions.
- •2) Fill in the following words into the text (complete, entry, timely, chain, materials, information, accurate, on, efforts, activities).
- •4)Match the following expressions with their meanings.
- •1. Industrial Order Processing.
- •2. Retail Order Processing
- •3.Customer Order Processing.
- •1) Answer the questions.
- •2) Fill in the prepositions (of, throughout, by, into, through, for, to, on, out, from, in). Some prepositions may be used more than once.
- •1) Answer the questions
- •3) Fill in the gaps with the following words (costs, on hand, order, batching, volume, than, small, receives, partially, product, shipment).
- •Answer the questions
- •Make word combinations from the following words:
- •Answer the questions
- •Make word combinations from the following words
- •Intermodal Services
- •Answer the questions
- •Make word combinations from the following words
- •Answer the questions
- •Make the word combinations from the following words
- •Variable and Fixed Costs
- •1)Answer the questions
- •International Transport Documentation
- •1)Answer the questions
- •2)Make the word combinations from the following words
- •Basic Cost Trade-Offs
- •Competitive Considerations
- •1)Answer the questions.
- •Separate and Single Origin and Destination Points
- •Multiple Origin and Destination Points
- •Coincident Origin and Destination Points
- •1)Answer the questions.
- •3) Match the following terms with their definitions.
- •1) Answer the questions.
- •3) Fill in the text with prepositions from the brackets (at, of, around, in, between, by, before, on, toward, after, from, with, to). Some of them may be used more than once.
- •International Shipping Terms
1. Order preparation.
Order preparation refers to the activities of gathering the information needed about the products and services desired and formally requesting the products to be purchased. It may involve determining an appropriate vendor, filling out an order form, determining stock availability, communicating order information by telephone to a sales clerk, or making selections from a Web site menu. This activity has benefited greatly from electronic technology.
Order transmittal.
After order preparation, transmitting the order information is the next sequential activity of the order-processing cycle. It involves transferring the order request from its point of origin to the place where the order entry can be handled. Order transmission is accomplished in two fundamental ways: manually and electronically. Manual transmission can include the mailing of orders or the physical carrying of orders by the sales staff to the point of order entry.
Electronic transmission of orders is now very popular with the wide use of toll-free telephone numbers, data phones, Web sites on the Internet, facsimile machines, and satellite communications. This almost instantaneous transfer of order information, with its high degree of reliability and accuracy, increasing security, and ever decreasing cost, has nearly replaced manual order transmittal methods.
The time required to move order information in the order processing system can vary significantly, depending on the methods chosen. Sales personnel collection and drop-off of orders and mail transmission are perhaps the slowest methods. Electronic information transfer in its various forms, such as telephoning, electronic data interchange, and satellite communication, is the fastest. Speed, reliability, and accuracy are performance characteristics that should be balanced against the cost of any equipment and its operation. Determining the effects of performance on revenue remains the challenge here.
3. Order entry.
Order entry refers to many tasks that take place prior to the actual filling of an order. These include (1) checking the accuracy of the order information, such as item description and number, quantity, and price; (2) checking the availability of the requested items; (3) preparing back-order or cancellation documentation, if necessary; (4) checking the customer's credit status; (5) transcribing the order information as necessary; and (6) billing. These tasks are necessary because order request information is not always in the form needed for further processing, it may not be represented accurately, or additional preparation work may be needed before the order can be released for filling. Order entry may be accomplished by manually completing these tasks, or the steps may be fully automated.
Order entry has benefited greatly from technological improvements. Bar codes, optical scanners, and computers have substantially increased the productivity of this activity. Bar coding and scanning are especially important for entering order information accurately, quickly, and at low cost. In comparison with computer keyboard data entry, bar code scanning offers significant improvement. This likely explains the growing popularity of bar coding throughout retailing, manufacturing, and service industries.