В.А. Шанина, В.О. Чибис

УЧЕБНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ПЕРЕВОДУ

И РЕФЕРИРОВАНИЮ ТЕКСТОВ ПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «ФАРМАЦИЯ»

Английский язык

Для студентов II курса

Москва

Издательство Российского университета дружбы народов

2006

Утверждено РИС Ученого совета Российского университета дружбы народов

Шанина В.А., Чибис В.О.

Учебные задания по переводу и реферированию текстов по специальности «Фармация». Английский язык. Для студентов II курса. - М.: Изд-во РУДН, 2006. - 56 с.

Учебные задания включают четыре раздела, посвященные следующим проблемам фармакологии: витамины и биологически активные добавки; аспирин, его открытие и фармакологические свойства; антибиотики, их положительные и отрицательные сто­роны; фальсифицированные лекарственные препараты.

Каждый раздел содержит английские и русские тексты, ак­тивный терминологический словарь, комментарий трудно перево­димых словосочетаний. В каждом разделе имеются тексты для устного обсуждения и письменных переводов. В конце учебного пособия представлены вопросы для устного и письменного тести­рования, а также тексты для перевода и реферирования на основе пройденной терминологической лексики.

Учебные задания служат развитию навыков чтения, пере­вода и говорения у студентов-медиков II курса.

Подготовлены на кафедре иностранных языков №1 фа­культета иностранных языков и общеобразовательных дисциплин.

© Шанина В.А., Чибис В.О., 2006

© Издательство Российского университета дружбы народов, 2006

UNIT I

Vitamins and Dietary

Nutrients from food or supplements may help us prevent heart diseases, cancer and other chronic ailments. Vitamins aren't food, but they're found in blood, and we can't live without them. Our bodies use them in tiny amounts to build, maintain and repair tissues. Recent studies have shown the benefits of high doses of some vitamins, but the official recommended daily allowance (RDA) often lags far behind according to some American doc­tors.

Once doctors used to dismiss the notion that healthy adults had anything to gain from vitamin pills. Not anymore. They are no longer antivitamin. They urge their patients not only to eat well and exercise but take a little С, E and beta carotene every day, all the more so in spring.

There is a fundamental shift in the way the medical world views vitamins. "Until quite recently, it was thought that everyone in America gets enough vitamins through their diet and that taking supplements just creates expensive urine", says Dr. Walter Willett, a Harvard epidemiologist studying diet, supple­ments and chronic diseases. "I think we have proof that this isn't true." A growing body of evidence suggests that while the old daily allowances are fine for warding off acute deficiencies, higher intakes may help combat everything from bone loss to cancer.

New studies suggest that vitamin E can help prevent heart disease, В vitamins can prevent birth defects. And some scientists now believe that vitamin D could become vital tool for preventing breast cancer alongside with Coenzyme Q10.

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Major research organizations are launching efforts to tap vitamins' fall potential. A Newsweek Poll shows that 7 in 10 Americans use vitamin supplements.

The first vitamins were identified in the early part of the 20^th century, after researchers found that eating certain foods protected people from diseases like rickets, pellagra and beriberi. The acute-deficiency diseases were largely eradicated during the 1930s, as chemists learned to synthesize various vitamins and food manufacturers started adding them to milk, flour and rice.

By 1941, the National Academy of Science's Food and Nutrition Board was publishing recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for most of the 13 vitamins.

The RDAs are periodically updated, but they still re­flect the old thinking. In the case of folic acid, e.g., many experts consider the RDAs obsolete.

Folic acid, а В vitamin found in yeast, liver and leafy green vegetables, aids in various metabolic processes, including the synthesis of DNA. The official guidelines recommend daily intake of 180 to 200 micrograms to prevent anemia, but recent research suggests that women of childbearing age need higher doses to help prevent certain birth defects. Studies have suggested that women need 400 to 800 micrograms a day during the first six weeks of pregnancy to ensure proper development of a fetus's neural tube, the tissue that becomes the brain and spinal cord.

Pregnancy isn't the only reason women may need extra folic acid. Researchers at the University of Alabama found that among women infected with ITPV-16, a virus implicated in cervical cancer, those with the highest levels of folic acid in their blood were the least likely to exhibit precancerous lesions.

Another Study showed that when heavy smokers took 1,000 micrograms of folic acid along with B12 supplements every day, they were less likely than untreated smokers to de­velop precancerous lung lesions. Since folic acid is usually safe at high levels, some experts now advise smokers to increase their intake, at least until they manage to quit.

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