Занятие 9 (продолжительность-3ч)

Тема: Биология как наука. Формы организации жизни на Земле. Биологическое разнообразие.

Цель: развитие навыков чтения и повседневного общения, а также формирование и развитие компетенций:

-ОК-1-способность к обобщению, анализу, восприятию информации, постановке цели и выбору путей ее достижения, владение культурой мышления;

-ОК-2-способность логически верно, аргументировано и ясно строить устную и письменную речь, создавать тексты профессионального назначения;

ПК-13- способность использовать один из иностранных языков в общении и профессиональной деятельности на уровне, не ниже разговорного.

Задачи:

-Повторить временные формы страдательного залога–времена группы Present Simple (Indefinite);

-Повторить модальные глаголы must и should (формы и значения);

-Тренировать навыки изучающего чтения для перевода специальных текстов по теме «Биология»;

-Освоить биологическую терминологию.

Этапы занятия: 1) Проверка домашнего задания

2) Работа над грамматическим материалом:

a) Present Simple Passive

Задание1.Поставьте следующие предложения в страдательный залог Present Simple:

1) We call the smallest unit of a chemical element an atom. 2) We call the positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom proton. 3) We determine the properties of an element by the number of protons and electrons it has. 4) A watery medium surrounds the cell. 5) We subdivide the cytoplasm into the cytosol and organelles. 6) The cell uses a part of energy to maintain cell structure. 7) Sometimes they make mistakes in copying. 8) We call the classification based on homology natural classification. 9) We classify viruses by their structure and nucleic acid types.

Задание2. Поставьте глагол в скобках в действительный или страдательный залог Present Simple:

1. Nuclear material of prokaryotic cell ________(consist of/is consisted of) a single chromosome. 2) The eukaryotic DNA _________(organizes/is organized) in one or more linear molecules, called chromosomes. 3) All cells have a membrane that ________(envelops/is enveloped) the cell and __________(is separated/separates) its interior from its environment. 4) All cells _________(possess/are possessed) DNA, the hereditary material of genes, and RNA, containing the information necessary to build various proteins. 5) The cytoplasm of a cell __________(surrounds/is surrounded) by a cell membrane or plasma membrane. 6) The plasma membrane in plants and prokaryotes _________usually (covers/is covered) by a cell wall. 7) The biological information contained in an organism __________(is encoded/encodes) in its DNA or RNA sequence. 8) The human body _________(is contained/contains) many different organs, such as the heart, lung, and kidney, with each organ performing a different function. 9) The cytosol is the gelatinous fluid that ________(is filled/fills) the cell and __________(is surrounded/surrounds) the organelles.

b) Модальные глаголы must, should

MUST

Present	Past	Future
must	---	---
Has/have to	Had to	Will have to

3) Информативное чтение «Organelles»:

Задание1. Прочтите текст, ответьте на вопросы после текста:

The human body contains many different organs, such as the heart, lung, and kidney, with each organ performing a different function. Cells also have a set of "little organs," called organelles, that can perform one or more vital functions. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have organelles but organelles in eukaryotes are more complex. There are several types of organelles in a cell. Some (such as the nucleus and golgi apparatus) are typically solitary, while others (such as mitochondria and lysosomes) can be numerous. The cytosol is the gelatinous fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles.

• Cell nucleus –a cell's information center and the most conspicuous organelle found in a eukaryotic cell. It houses the cell's chromosomes, and is the place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis occur.

• Mitochondria and Chloroplasts –self-replicating organelles that occur in various numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria play a critical role in generating energy in the eukaryotic cell.

• Golgi apparatus –the primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.

• Ribosomes –a large complex of RNA and protein molecules.

• Lysosomes and Peroxisomes –help to digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and viruses or bacteria.

• Centrosome –a key component of the cytoskeleton which is composed of two centrioles, which separate during cell division and help in the formation of the mitotic spindle.

• Vacuoles – store food and waste.

Задание1.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1) What are organelles?

2) What is the difference between organelles of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

3) Which organelles typically solitary?

4) What is cytosol?

5) In what type of cells is the cell nucleus found?

6) What role do mitochondria play?

7) What are lysosomes responsible for?

8) What is the primary function of vacuoles?