Занятие 13(продолжительность-2ч.) Итоговая контрольная работа по теме «Микробиология как наука. Вирусология и иммунология» Занятие 14(продолжительность-2ч.)

Тема: Физика. Основные законы физики. Физика в медицине.

Цель: развитие навыков чтения и повседневного общения, формирование компетенций:

-ОК-1-способность к обобщению, анализу, восприятию информации, постановке цели и выбору путей ее достижения, владение культурой мышления;

-ОК-2-способность логически верно, аргументировано и ясно строить устную и письменную речь, создавать тексты профессионального назначения;

Задачи:

- Повторить временную форму Past Simple Active/Past Continuous Active/Past Perfect Active;

-Тренировать навык изучающего чтения для перевода специальных текстов по теме «Физика»;

-Освоить терминологию по теме «Физика. Физика в медицине».

Этапы занятия: 1) Речевая разминка:

a) Ответьте на вопросы:

1) How is physics applicable in medicine? (Think of the following: heat, light, radiation, X-ray diffraction, etc.)

2) Does the relation between physics and medicine have a long history?

• Интерактивная форма работы –метод малых групп. Студентам предлагается обсудить в малых группах такие вопросы, как «Какое применение находит физика в медицине?», «Когда начали применять законы физики в медицине?»

b) Постройте самостоятельные высказывания по модели:

Heat therapy in sports medicine is used to reduce muscle spasms, decrease stiffness in the joints and make soft tissue even softer to reduce associated pain.

c) Согласитесь или не согласитесь со следующими высказываниями. Используйте следующие выражения согласия/несогласия:

Agreement Disagreement

You know that’s exactly what I think I see your point but …

Yes, that’s true. I shouldn’t say so.

I fully agree. I have got some reasons to disagree.

I’m of the same opinion. On the one hand,

It really looks like that. On the other hand,

I won’t deny that. Well, I’m not sure.

What you’re saying is perfectly true. I wouldn’t say that exactly.

That’s just what I think. You can’t be serious.

• X-rays are widely used in medicine.

• The human heart can be X-rayed.

• Teeth are never X-rayed.

• An X-ray technician needs some special training.

• An X-ray technician takes and processes X-ray films.

• One of the main tasks of an X-ray technician is protecting patients from exposure to X-rays by using special devices (lead aprons, collars, etc.)

• Another name for taking an X-ray image is radiography.

• X-rays were discovered by a German scientist.

• The result of radiography is called an X-ray film.

• The X-ray beam has an ability to penetrate an object.

2) Работа над грамматическим материалом:

Past Simple Active: to be

Singular	Plural
I was You were He was She was It was	We were You were They were

Past Perfect Active

had+ParticipleII

3) Информативное чтение «Application of Sound in Medicine»:

Задание1. Прочтите текст, ответьте на вопросы после текста:

The use of sound in medicine has a long history. Doctors have used stethoscopes to listen to the internal sounds of the human body since the early 19^th

century.

Now scientists are finding many more advanced applications of sound in medicine. Acoustical energy can be focused and used for imaging and treating a variety of ailments, including cancer, stroke, and Parkinson's disease. Sound waves can be focused deep inside the body to control hemorrhages; they can assist doctors in delivering drugs to specific areas in tissues, and they can disrupt adverse bacterial biofilms.

Just as a magnifying glass can focus light on a point, a concave transducer can focus acoustical waves onto a small spot of intense energy about the size of a grain of rice. Such a high-intensity acoustical focus can be aimed almost anywhere in the body, even through the skin and into deep tissue (with some exceptions). The ability to penetrate deep within the body makes therapeutic ultrasound attractive for a variety of medical applications.

The scientists are exploring the use of high-intensity focused ultrasound to control bleeding. In this application, acoustical energy can be absorbed as heat by the tissue, which cauterizes the wound. The blood coagulates due to heating and also possibly due to mechanical tissue disruptions that may release clotting factors.

The scientists have already tested a range of ultrasound energies and found they can achieve faster coagulation if the ultrasound produces bubbles at the focus. They conclude that therapeutic ultrasound would be a safe and useful procedure for hemorrhage control because the acoustical waves can be focused deep within the body where the bleeding occurs. It also can be used with conventional ultrasound to guide the area of focus and precisely target the bleeding.

Задание1. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What have doctors used to listen to the internal sounds of the human body since 19^th century?

2. How can acoustical energy be applied in medicine?

3. What diseases can be treated with acoustical energy?

4. What property does therapeutic ultrasound possess?

5. What is the mechanism of action of acoustical energy when it controls bleeding?

6. In what case is faster coagulation of blood achieved?