4) Работа над грамматическим материалом:

Задание1. Задайте общие вопросы к следующим предложениям и специальные вопросы к выделенным курсивом словам:

1. The scientists have established that this disease is caused by a particular species of viruses.

2. The scientists discovered the structure of DNA some decades ago.

3. In 1809 Lamarck proposed a theory of evolution based on inheritance of acquired characteristics.

4. Darwin published his work “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection” in 1859.

5. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.

6. The scientists have reengineered bacteria to increase plant resistance to insects and frost.

7. The scientists have developed new bacterial defense mechanisms.

8. Pasteur postulated the germ theory of disease, which states that microorganisms are the causes of infectious disease.

9. In the 1670s and the decades thereafter, a Dutch merchant named Anton van Leeuwenhoek made careful observations of microscopic organisms, which he called animalcules.

10. Louis Pasteur performed numerous experiments to discover why wine and dairy products became sour, and he found that bacteria were to blame.

Задание2. Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский, используя Past Simple/Present Perfect:

1. Ученые недавно обнаружили новый тип бактерий/вирусов.

2. Впервые они использовали грибы для получения антибиотиков.

3. Луи Пастер стал основоположником (founder) микробиологии.

4. Луи Пастер изучал брожение (fermentation).

5. В конце 1800 годов ученые продолжили развивать теорию микробов (germ theory).

6. Для производства этого антибиотика мы использовали бактерии Aspergillus.

Занятие 11(продолжительность-2ч.)

Тема: Микробиология как наука. Вирусология и иммунология.

Цель: развитие навыков чтения и повседневного общения, формирование компетенций:

-ОК-1-способность к обобщению, анализу, восприятию информации, постановке цели и выбору путей ее достижения, владение культурой мышления;

-ОК-2-способность логически верно, аргументировано и ясно строить устную и письменную речь, создавать тексты профессионального назначения;

Задачи:

- Повторить временную форму Present Perfect Active/Present Perfect Continuous;

-Тренировать навык изучающего чтения для перевода специальных текстов по теме «Микробиология»;

-Освоить терминологию по теме «Микробиология как наука. Вирусология и иммунология».

Этапы занятия: 1) Проверка домашнего задания

2) Речевая разминка:

a) Обсудите следующие утверждения и скажите, что изучает иммунология:

• Immunology is a branch of biomedical science.

• It deals with the functioning of the immune system.

• It studies the relationship between the body systems, pathogens, and immunity.

б) Какие из нижеперечисленных предметов необходимы для

изучения иммунологии:

• Calculus

• Probability and Statistics

• General Computer Applications

• Advanced Biology courses

• Anatomy and Physiology

• Advanced Chemistry courses

3) Информативное чтение «What is Immunology?»:

Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. It deals with, among other things, the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Immunology has applications in several disciplines of science.

Even before the concept of immunity (from ''immunis'', Latin for "exempt") was developed, numerous early physicians characterized organs that would later prove to be part of the immune system. The key primary lymphoid organs of the immune system are thymus and bone marrow, and secondary lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and skin. When health conditions warrant, immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, portions of bone marrow, lymph nodes and secondary lymphatic tissues can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive.

Many components of the immune system are actually cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body.

Задание1. Составьте предложения, используя подсказки:

1. disciplines//Immunology//in //has //of //applications// science //several. 2. thymus// bone// system//The //key //lymphoid of//primary //organs //the //immune are //and //marrow 3. deals// other// both// with// Immunology// among// in //things// the // immune// states//physiological// disease //functioning //of// health//the //system// of //and 4. nature// Many// of // the // immune //components system// are //cellular //in 5. and// secondary//lymphatic //The //tissues// spleen//are// tonsils//lymph vessels//lymph nodes//adenoids//skin//

Задание2. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова:

Immune system, immunological disorder, lymphoid organs,

Задание3. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в Present Perfect или Past Simple:

1. We … just (to study) the organs of the lymphatic system.

2. Last week we … (to discuss) the basic mechanisms of viral infections.

3. Recently the scientists … (to establish) that many components of the

immune system are cellular in nature.

4. This pathogen … (to cause) the infection.

5. The earliest written mention of immunity … (to be) Athens in 430 BC.

6. In the 21st century, immunology … (to broaden) its horizons with much

research being performed in more specialized areas of immunology.