Занятие 11 (продолжительность-3ч)

Тема: Биология как наука. Формы организации жизни на Земле. Биологическое разнообразие.

Цель: развитие навыков чтения и повседневного общения, а также формирование и развитие компетенций:

-ОК-1-способность к обобщению, анализу, восприятию информации, постановке цели и выбору путей ее достижения, владение культурой мышления;

-ОК-2-способность логически верно, аргументировано и ясно строить устную и письменную речь, создавать тексты профессионального назначения;

ПК-13- способность использовать один из иностранных языков в общении и профессиональной деятельности на уровне, не ниже разговорного.

Задачи:

-Повторить времена группы Past Simple Passive.

-Тренировать навыки изучающего чтения для перевода специальных текстов по теме «Биология»;

-Освоить биологическую терминологию.

Этапы занятия: 1) Проверка домашнего задания

2) Речевая разминка:

1. Обсудите в группе следующие ситуации. Используйте приведенные

ниже предложения в качестве вводных высказываний и приведите примеры того, какие действия, процессы имеют биологическое обоснование:

- How is biology related to our everyday life?

Biology is closely related to our daily life because we do many of the activities because of our biological makeup and needs.

For instance, we eat… .

Various processes are possible owing to … .

We know how to grow plants … thanks to … .

From knowledge gained through biological sciences the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries … .

б) You’re thinking of studying biology. However, you can’t choose what to study. Choose one of the following and give reasons why you choose this or that one:

• Brain, behavior & Evolution

• Biodiversity & Conservation

• Marine Biology

• Environmental science

• Biomedicine

• Paleobiology (study of ancient and pre-historic life on the earth)

3) Изучающее чтение «Cells as a fundamental unit of life»:

Задание1. Расскажите о пяти основных функциях клеток. Начните свое высказывание: There are five main/major functions of …

Cells have five main/major functions, such as …

Cells are characterized by five main/major functions, including…

Задание2. Дополните вводное предложение аннотации таким образом, чтобы оно выражало содержание текста в обобщенном виде:

В данном тексте рассматривается…

Используйте приведенные ниже клише для построения обобщенных высказываний:

1. As I understood from the text ....

2. According to the text ....

3. According to the author ....

4. As it is described in the text ....

5. As it is said in the text ....

6. As the author puts it ... .

7. According to the figures (data, information, opinions) from the text ....

4) Работа над грамматическим материалом:

а)Времена группы Past Simple Passive

Спряжение глагола в страдательном залоге Past Simple

Past Simple Passive … be (was/were) + V3 (-ed)

Was/were + V3 (-ed) … ?

… was/were + not+ V3(-ed) …

Задание1. Поставьте следующие предложения в Past Simple, используя слова, данные в скобках. Обратите внимание на произношение окончания –ed в прошедшем времени у правильных глаголов:

A: /t/, for example placed

B: /d/, for example examined

C: /id/, for example wanted

Our teacher frequently collects our notebooks. (the day before yesterday) Our teacher collected our notebooks the day before yesterday.

1.We often write tests in class. (yesterday) 2.I often get up early at the weekend. (last Sunday)

3.She usually arrives at work at 7.20. (yesterday)

4.She usually conducts team training once a week. (last week) 5.As a physician, you deal with difficult and unpleasant situations every day. (the day before yesterday)

6.I often encounter cases in medical practice related to terminal illnesses. (last Monday)

7.Every day I help patients who are ill. (yesterday)

8.I often administer antibiotic therapy to my patients. (last week) 9.We often deal with patients suffering from emotional disorders caused by the death of a family member. (the day before yesterday)

Задание2. Поставьте приведенные ниже предложения в Past Simple Passive, сделав соответствующие перестановки в предложении:

He hurt his leg in an accident. His leg was hurt in an accident.

1) The surgeon made a small incision using the robot.

2) I left my textbook at home.

3) Somebody left the light on all night.

4) They examined the patient on admission.

5) They formerly used mail for communication.

6) In 2000 they performed the first robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery.

7) They used a computed tomography scan to make a detailed picture of the human brain.

8) They introduced a small device - the handheld computer, or palm pilot - a few years ago.

9) Image Guided Surgery didn’t require the surgeon to be present in the room.

10) Engineers devised a system that imitates a natural limb by connecting muscles and nerves that had once controlled a body part to a prosthetic limb.

Задание3. Составьте предложения, используя Past Simple Passive:

Например: A mechanical universe with small solid masses in motion was proposed by Isaac Newton in 1704.

1704 Isaac Newton	Proposed a mechanical universe with small solid masses in motion.
1803 John Dalton	Proposed an "atomic theory" with spherical solid atoms based upon measurable properties of mass.
1832 Michael Faraday	Studied the effect of electricity on solutions. Developed laws of electrolysis.
1859 J. Plucker	Built one of the first gas discharge tubes ("cathode ray tube").
1869 Dmitri Mendeleev	Arranged elements into 7 groups with similar properties. Discovered the Periodic Law.
1873 James Clerk Maxwell	Proposed electric and magnetic fields filled the void.
1897 J.J. Thomson	Experimentally determined the charge to mass ratio (e/m) of an electron =1.759 x 108 coulombs/gram.
1900 Soddy	Observed spontaneous disintegration of radioactive elements into variants and he called them «isotopes» or totally new elements.
1904 Abegg	Discovered that inert gases had a stable electron configuration which lead to their chemical inactivity.
1909 R.A. Millikan	Experimentally with an oil drop determined the charge (e=1.602 x 10 -19 coulomb) and the mass (m = 9.11 x 10 -28 gram) of an electron.
1911 Ernest Rutherford	Established that the main characteristics of the nucleus (density, small size and positive charge). Assumed that the electrons were located outside the nucleus.
1914 H.G.J. Moseley	Determined the charges on the nuclei of most atoms.
1919 Aston	Discovered the existence of isotopes through the use of a mass spectrograph.
1922 Niels Bohr	Developed an explanation of atomic structure that underlies regularities of the periodic table of elements.

Задание4. Измените действительный залог на страдательный в следующих предложениях:

1) The doctor examined 10 patients yesterday. 2) The professor delivered an interesting lecture yesterday. 3) The students revised all the rules for the test. 4) He analyzed the changes in the patient's condition. 5) They hospitalized the patient promptly after examination. 6) The doctor on duty took a new patient’s medical history. 7) The surgeon placed a tourniquet on the arm to stop the bleeding. 8) They treated the wound with alcohol. 9) They conducted a few key trials last year. 10) The author reviewed a number of new trends in the article.

Задание5. Задайте специальные вопросы, как показано в образце:

The article was published. When was the article published? Where was it published? Who was it published by?

1. The problem was solved. 2. The lecture was delivered. 3. Careless mistakes were made in the test. 4. The researchers were involved in the project. 5. The tests were marked. 6. The wards were cleaned. 7. The conference was organized. 8. The documents were scanned into the computer. 9. The data were collected. 10. His lecture was illustrated with slides. 11. The photocopies were handed out. 12. The signs of the illness were spotted.

Задание6. Переведите с русского языка на английский:

1. Клетки были разделены на две большие группы. 2. Основные выводы (conclusion) будут проиллюстрированы графиками и диаграммами. 3. Кем был поставлен такой диагноз (make a diagnosis)? 4. Какие органы были поражены (involve)? 5. Эта теория не была поддержана (support) ведущими (leading) учеными в области генетики. 6. Лекция по физике была проведена (deliver) в большом лекционном зале. 7. Все отделения этой больницы были снабжены (provide) современным (up-to-date) диагностическим оборудованием. 8. Какие вопросы обсуждались на последней конференции? 9. Кем была открыта (discover) клетка? 10. Как открыли клетки? 11. Какое медицинское оборудование было доставлено (deliver) вчера в больницу?