Exercises

Exercise 1. Find where in the text it is said about the points given below. Put down the number of a paragraph.

a) the foundation of the Kyiv metro;

b) the structure of the Kyiv metro ;

c) architecture;

d) management;

e) metro fare .

Exercise 2. Match English words and word-combinations in column A with their Ukrainian equivalents in column B:

A	B
1. to exceed 2.destruction 3. pylon 4. span 5. to remove 6. advertisement 7. regardless	a) опора b) незважаючи на c) реклама d) видаляти e) перевищувати f) руйнування g) прольот

Exercise 3. Answer the following questions. Find answers in the text. Put the number of the paragraph.

1. Why is the Kyiv Metro the mainstay of Kiev's public transport?

2. When was the Metro planned and laid the construction?

3. What standard does the Kyiv metro follow?

4. How many stations are located above ground?

5. What were many first projects for stations rich at the beginning of 1950s?

6. What is the Kyiv Metro managed by?

Exercise 4. Say if the following statements are true or false:

1.The metro is opened from 6:00 till 10:00 p.m.

2. One of the deepest stations in the world, Arsenalna (at 105.5 m or 346 ft) is found on the system.

3. Presently, there are 57 stations in the Kyiv Metro.

4. Most of the stations have large vestibules, some on surface level whilst others are underground interlinked with subways.

5. The Metro employs a hundred workers in tunnel and track, station and rolling stock management.

6. The ride is paid by plastic tokens and contactless cards when entering the metro.

Exercise 5. Give the name of the Kyiv Metro lines.

Exercise 6. Describe the structure of the Kyiv Metro.

Exercise 7. Define the main types of the Kyiv Metro stations.

Exercise 8. Compare the architecture of the Kyiv Metro in 1960s and nowadays.

Exercise 9. Discussions points:

1. The importance of the development of the Kyiv Metro.

2. Advantages and disadvantages of the Kyiv Metro.

Text 2 Kharkiv Metro

Read and memorize the following words, words combinations and word-groups:

to suffer - страждати

drop - знижуватися, падати

agenda - повістка дня

to strain - напружуватися

to claim - заявляти

track - колія

to arrange - організувати triangle - трикутник

uneven landscape - нерівномірний ландшафт

remain - рештки

shallow - неглибокий

single vaults - одного сховища

depots - склади, залізнична станція, депо

bilingual announcements - двомовні оголошення

Background
Locale	Kharkiv, Ukraine
Transit type	Underground Metro
Number of lines	3
Number of stations	29
Daily ridership	+1 million
Operation
Began operation	1975
Operator(s)	City of Kharkiv
Technical
System length	39.6 km (24.6 mi)

The central platform of one of the first stations in the system, Kholodna Hora.

Train (model 81-718.2) on 23 Serpnia station of Kharkiv Metro

Lines and Stations

№	Name	Opened	Length	Stations
1	Kholodnohirsko-Zavodska Line	1975	17.3 km	13
2	Saltivska Line	1984	10.4 km	8
3	Oleksiivska Line	1995	11.9 km	8
	Total:		39.6 km	29

1. The Kharkiv Metro is the metro system that serves the city of Kharkiv, the second largest city in Ukraine. The metro was the second in Ukraine (after Kiev) and the sixth in the USSR when it opened in 1975.

2. Initial plans for a rapid transit system in Kharkiv were made when the city was a capital of the Ukrainian SSR. However, after the capital moved to Kiev in 1934 and Kharkiv suffered heavy destruction during World War II, a rapid transit system was dropped from the agenda. In the mid-1960s, the existing mass transit system became too strained, and construction of the metro began in 1968.

3. Seven years later on August 23, 1975, the first eight-station segment of 10.4 kilometres was put into use. It is claimed that the metro does not have the beautiful and excessive decorations that stations in Moscow and Saint Petersburg .Metros show, yet they do make the best of mid-1970s and later styles.

4. Currently, the Kharkiv Metro consists of 3 lines, 29 stations, and 39.6 kilometres of tracks. The stations arranged in a typical Soviet design of a triangle, that is, three radial lines crossing in the city centre. Open from 5:30 in the morning until midnight, it has a daily passenger traffic of over one million passengers.

5. Because of the city's uneven landscape, the metro stations are located on varying depths. Six of the system's 29 stations are deep level stations and the remaining rest are shallow. Of the former, all but one are pylon type, and the latter are of column type. The shallow stations comprise fourteen pillar-trispans and eight single vaults. Kharkiv was the first metro to exhibit the single vault design of the shallow type .The metro is served by two depots which have a total of 320 carriages forming 59 five-carriage trains (all of the platforms are exactly 100 metres long).

6. The metro is directly subordinated to the Ministry of Transport of Ukraine. Unlike the Kiev Metro, Kharkiv is not privatised and owned by a municipal company. In 2009, the Ministry transferred the metro to the city administration.

7. In preparation for the upcoming Euro 2012 football championship, the metro is installing bilingual announcements – Ukrainian and English – for its trains. The announcements are due to start operating in April 2012.