Упражнения

1. The breakdown of caste hierarchy in India has broken the traditional links between caste and profession, and released enormous entrepreneurial energies in the south of the country. But caste divisions persist nonetheless, with upper castes dominating many spheres of life despite their relatively small numbers.

2.The destructive trade and capital imbalances of the pre-crisis era are back, banking reform appears stuck in paralyzing discord, public debt in many advanced economies remains firmly set on the road to ruin, and the spirit of international cooperation that saw nations come together to fight the crises has largely disappeared.

3. This was not where we meant to be in tackling the underlying causes of the crises and returning the world to sustainable growth.

4. There is no political appetite or will in the US for the long-term entitlement reform and tax increases necessary to bring the deficit under control.

5. A crucial element in the American mortgage system that lenders could take the houses of delinquent borrowers; it was impossible to imagine a well-functioning mortgage market without an ability to foreclose.

6. A big push to accelerate European integration on currency controls was mounted by EU finance ministers yesterday.

7. A strong recovery in the construction industry is vital to sustain the general improvement in the economy.

8. The financial crises in 1998 provided a needed shakeout in Russia. A devalued ruble, improved property rights, better bankruptcy laws and new oversight of securities markets followed. Buoyed by high oil prices, Russia righted itself.

9. It is usually badly managed state-owned enterprises in China that run into difficulties, while the country’s dynamic private firms forge ahead.

10. It is working people who bear the brunt of the current financial crisis.

11. An agreement between the union and management of the factory was reached after four days of talks.

Тема 2. Синтаксические замены в сложном предложении.

Принято выделять следующие виды синтаксических трансформаций:

1)замену простого предложения сложным;

2)замену главного предложения придаточным и наоборот;

3)замену подчинительной связи сочинительной и наоборот;

4)замену сложного предложения простым:

5)замену союзного типа связи бессоюзным и наоборот.

Особым видом замены сложного предложения простым является членение предложения, т.е. разделение одного сложного(реже - простого) предложения на два или более простых или , иногда, сложных.В ряде случаев при переводе приходиться одновременно прибегать и к членению, и к объединению предложения.

ПРИМЕР: On October 18,1971 he took the heat alone in his office in New York.

Took the heat, cursed and despised, by those whom he helped rise to power.

18 октября 1971 года он принял весь удар на себя. Принял его, сидя

Одиноко в своем нью-йоркском офисе, проклинаемый и презираемый

всеми теми, кто получил власть из его рук.

В данном примере первое предложение членится, а затем объединяется со вторым предложением для достижения смыслового и синтаксического равновесия двух русских предложений.