7. Закончите предложения. Используйте глаголы, данные в скоб­ках.

1. Since when haven't you ...? I haven't ... since ... . 2. Since when hasn't he ...? He hasn't ... since ... . 3. Since what time haven't they ...? They haven't ... since ... . 4. Since when hasn't she ...? She hasn't ... since ... . 5. Since when haven't you ...?

(to meet him, to come to Moscow, to visit you, to send a letter, to see your friend).

Exercise 10.Ask questions.

1. John has gone to the station to see off Ann. 2. The students of our group have learned this poem by heart. 3. They have just had lunch at home. 4. Helen met her friend on the way to the Institute yesterday. 5. You haven't seen her since you finished school. 6. The boys of group 6 are training in the gym tonight.

Exercise 11. Put the verbs in the necessary form

1. At last I (to do) all my homework. Now I (to go) for a walk. If you (to want), you may join me. 2. You can't see Boris now. He (to have) an English class. 3. When you (to see) your friend last? 4. We (not to meet) you since we graduated from the Institute. 5. The lecture yet (not to begin) and the students (to talk) loudly. 6. I (not to have) a History class since last week. 7. What you (to do) now? — I (to translate) a text. 8. I never (to be) to Kiev.. 9. The delegation just (to arrive) and we yet (not to speak) with its members. 10. Our school children often (to go) to the Musical Theatre of late. 11.1 (to know) Peter since my childhood. 12. We (to read) many books this year.

Exercise 12.Translate into English.

♦ 1. Я никогда не был в Ленинграде. Мне очень хочется поехать туда. 2. Я очень рад вас видеть. Мы не встреча­лись с 1965 года, не правда ли? 3. Где сейчас ваш брат? Я виделся с ним несколько лет. 4. Он никогда не видел таких прекрасных картин. Музей ему очень понравился.5. Мы только что говорили с деканом (Dean) об этом. 6. Ты уже отправил письмо? — Да. 7. Помогите мне, пожалуйста. Я потерял свой ключ (key) и не могу попасть(to get into) в комнату. 8. Вы когда-нибудь видели этот фильм? 9. Пойдем в столовую.— Нет, спасибо. Я только что позавтракал. 10. Почему ты включил свет (to turn on the light)? В комнате еще светло. 11. Ты взял мою тетрлдь? — Нет.— Кто ее взял? 12. Они собираются продать (to sell) спой дом. Вы что-нибудь слышали об этом? 13. Студенты только что говорили об этом с лектором (lecturer). 14. Вы уже получили ответ от Анны? Нет. Мы еще ой не писали. 15. В этом году мы часто были и Историческом музее 16. За последнее время он часто работал в этой библиотеке. 17. Где вы достали (купили) эту вещь? — Я ее не покупал. Это подарок (present). 18. Они когда-нибудь были в Волгограде? 19. Что мы с делил и, чтобы помочь ему? 20. Что вы привезли с юга (from the south)? — Немного фруктов. 21. Почему вы не выучили эти слова? — Я был занят нчера. 22. Почему вы открыли окно? — Здесь душно (stuffy). 23. С каких пор они не посещают (to attend) занятий? 24. Ты еще делаешь уроки? — Нет. Я уже выполнил (сделал) домашнее задание. 25. С какого времени она болеет (больна)? 26. Он занят всю неделю. 27. Где вы были все это время? 28. Как долго вы его :знаете? — Я знаю Бориса с детства.

Lesson 12

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

Exercise 1. Make up five sentences from each table.

I		had		(not)	posted the letter		by three o'clock.
He					received the telegram		by that time.
She					swept the floor		before he came.
We					fallen asleep
You					cooked dinner
They					finished it
Had	I		learned the poem			by Monday?
	he		decorated the building			by that time?
	she		washed the dishes			by the time you came?
	we		moved there
	you		seen her
	they		prepared the report

I	said	that	I	had	finished school.
He	thought	if	he		built the plant.
She	wrote		she		bought a tape recorder.
We	asked		we		won the game.
You			you		left for the Far East.
They			they		solved the problem.

Exercise 2. Make the following interrogative and negative.

1. The pupils had translated the text before the bell rang. 2. Kate had done her lessons by eight o'clock. 3. Peter had studied English before he entered the institute. 4. The girls had cleaned the room by the time.their mother came back. 5. We had reached the village before the sun set.

Exercise 3. Change from direct into indirect speech.

Model: Paul said, "I met her at the department store," — Paul said that he had met her at the department store.

1. The woman said, "I studied German at school. 2. The teacher said, "I saw them in Kiev." 3. The girl said, "I have already spoken to them." 4. The pupils said, "We have done the exercises." 5. The man said, "I lived in Kaniv at that time." 6. He said, "I did not recognize your handwriting." 7. His aunt said, "I was at home at that time." 8. The girl said, "I spent my holidays in the country."

Exercise 4. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect.

1. Yesterday we (to discuss) the film which we (to see) some days before. 2. When my sister (to go) to the theatre, I (to begin) to write the letter. 3. The children (to fall asleep) by ten o'clock. 4. He (to tell us) many interesting things he (to see) in Lutsk. 5. Peter (to show) us the bicycle his father (to buy) for him. 6. Mother (to cook) supper by the time they (to come) home.

Exercise5. Change the sentences as in the model.

Зразок: The guests have already gathered (by the

lime he came). The quests had already gathered by the time

lie came.

I. The delegation has arrived (by last Sunday). The pupils have read this book (by last week). 3. Ann has done her lessons (by the time I came). 4. They have finished this work (by 5 o'clock yesterday). 5. We haven't yet seen our teacher (before the bell ring). 6. Have you sent the telegram (before I called you up)? 7. He has translated the article (by this time yesterday). 8. I have already had dinner (when my friend came). 9. She hasn't yet bought a present for him (when he met her).

Exercise 6 Ask and answer the questions

1. You had studied English before you entered the University preparatory course. 2. They had arrived at the station by 6 o'clock. 3. James had finished reading the book by last Sunday. 4. Eve had done her lessons by the time you called her up. 5. The teacher had given the pupils their homework before the bell rang.

Exercise 7. Make up negative sentences with yet.

(by this time yesterday; by 7 o'clock; when he came into the room; by the time you arrived; by last year; before we returned home).

Образец: They had sent the letter.

They hadn't yet sent the letter by б o'clock yesterday.

1. Tom had translated the article. 2. The meeting had begun. 3. They had finished the construction of the sta­dium. 4. The children had fallen asleep. 5. These students had taken their examination. 6. The speaker had made his report.

Exercise 8. Put the questions

1. The people went home after they had finished their work. (3) 2. The young man had decided what he would buy before the vase fell down and broke to pieces. (1)3. The lecture had begun by the time I entered the room. (2)

Exercise 9Ask your classmate

1. Had you started learning English before you came to study here? 2. Had you finished learning Russian literature by the time you left school? 3. Had your friend studied Latin before he entered the University? 4. Had you taken your seat by the time the teacher came into the class-room? 5. Did you go straight home after you had finished your classes? 6. Had you done your lessons by this time yesterday? 7. Why hadn't you finished your work before 5 o'clock yesterday? 8. How many English books had you read by the end of the year? 9. What film had you seen when I met you at the cinema-house? 10. Why hadn't you invited me to the cinema?

Exercise 10. Translate into English

1. Когда вы пришли, я уже выполнил свое домашнее задание (to do one's homework). 2. К 7 часам все уже были на вокзале. 3. К тому времени, когда вы позвони­ли, гости еще не собрались (to gather). 4. Вы изучали английский перед тем, как поступили на эти курсы? 5. Сколько страниц этой книги они перевели к концу прошлой недели? 6. Ты закончил свою работу к этому нремонн нчора, но так ли? 7. Что вы уже подготовили к тому времени? 8. Кто уже сдал экзамен (to pass one's examination) к тому моменту? 9. Дождь уже прекратился (to stop), когда мы вышли из дома. 10. Вы вчера ходили в театр, не правда ли? Почему же вы нас не пригласили?

Exercise11. Translate into English.

1. Коли Неля прийшла до школи, її товариші вже полили квіти. 2. Ми читали книжку, яку я купив у Киеві.3. Учитель сказав, що вже перевірив нaшi диктанти.4. Учень переклав текст до десятої' години. 5. Коли ми повернулися додому, дитина вже заснула. 6. Mift брат писав, що вже склав екзамени з фізики й математики.7. Він подякував мені за те, що я для нього зробив.8. Учень прочитав уголос оповідання, яке він написав удома. 9. Минулого літа батько їздив у село, де він провів своє дитинство. 10. Вчора Аня прийшла додому о п'ятій годині. ЇЇ молодший брат виконував домашнє завдання, а батько й мати ще не повернулися з роботи. 11. Бона була певна, що бачила цю жінку раніше, але не могла пригадати, де вона її бачила. 12. Його батько почав працювати на заводі коли йому було двадцять років. До того він жив у селі 13. Після того як мій товарищ пішов додому, я згадав, що забув показати йому новi марки.

Lesson 13

THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Exercise 1. Make up five sentences from the table.

I	Will	(not)	have	done it	by that time.
He	shall			written it	by five o'clock.
She				translated it	by the time she comes.
We				built it	by the end of the year.
You				prepared it	before I return.
They				had dinner	when he comes back.

Exercise 2. Turn the following into the Future Perfect.

Model: / had done my homework by 9 o'clock.— I shall have done my homework by 9 o'clock

. 1. They had built the new school by the first of September. 2. The teacher had looked through our exercise-books by that time. 3. We had discussed the report by four o'clock in the afternoon. 4. The pupils had read three English books by the end of the year. 5. I had written the composition by 9 o'clock.

Exercise 3. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Future Indefinite or the Future Perfect.

1. He (to receive) the telegram tomorrow. 2. He (to receive) the telegram by tomorrow. 3. I (to do) the exercises by seven o'clock. 4. I (to do) the exercises in the afternoon. 5. By this time you (to take your examination). 6. You (to take) your examination next week. 7. The teacher (to correct) our dictations in the evening. 8. The teacher (to correct) our dictations by the next lesson.

Exercise4 Use the verbs in Future Perfect.

1. I (to do) it by that time.2. He (to write) a letter by the time she comes.3. We (to build) a new house by the end of the year.4. Mother (not a cook) dinner when we come home.5. You (to do) your homework by seven o'clock?6. They (not to arrive) by the evening.7. Why she (not to come) by five o'clock?8. Who (to take) exam this time?9. He (to read) this book by the end of the month?10. I (not to look) by this time through all the magazines.

Exercise 5 Translate using Future Perfect.

1. Biн не перекладе цю статтю до третьої години.Вона виконає цю роботу до кінця місяця.Чому твій друг не напише статтю до вечора?Ти закінчиш читати цю книжку до завтра?Чи здійсниться моє бажання до Нового року?Вони до того часу вже підуть.Чому вона не почне працювати до дев'ятоі ранку?Чи закічиться ця телепередача до четвертої години?Вчитель до завтра перев1рить вci роботи.

10. До того часу дгти вже приберуть в кімнaтi?Bci туристи зберуться бшя готелю до шостої. Ніхто не прийде сюди до кінця дня.

Exercise6 Open the brecets using Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect.

1. He (to write) a letter tomorrow.He (to write) a letter at seven o'clock tomorrow.He (to write) a letter by seven o'clock tomorrow.When I come home tomorrow, he (to write) a letter.Where she (to go) to buy a new dress?What language he (to speak) by the next year?They (to write) the test from two till three.We (to have) supper by half-past seven.What time he (to come) this evening? - He (to come) by seven o'clock.I (to meet) you at the station at nine o'clock tomorrow. — My train already (to arrive) by that time.You (to finish) everything by this evening?We (to do) washing-up by the time mother comes.What you (to buy) him for his birthday?What dress she (to buy) by the party?He (to have) his French lesson at ten o'clock.

Exercise7 Translate using Present Simple, Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect.

1. Мої батьки прийдуть додому о сьомій годині. Я зроблю уроки до цього часу.2.Biн працюватиме в саду, коли його дружина повернеться з роботи.3.Мама вже приготуе обід до того часу, як я прийду додому.4.Що ти робитимеш завтра? — Я зроблю вci уроки до другої години, a noтім до вечора сидггиму над англійською мовою.5.Як тільки мій друг повернеться додому, вш почне працювати над доповіддю. Biн напише її до десятої години.6.Не дзвоніть йому завтра о п'ятій. Він буде дуже зай- нятий в цей час. Вш буде обговорювати важливе питання.7. Телеграма прийде, коли ви не чекатимете п.8.Якщо ти прийдеш до сьомо!, я приготую тo6i смачну вечерю.9. Коли ти закінчиш писати свою книгу, ти покажет її мені? — Думаю, що покажу ii тo6i через місяць.10.Ми приготуемо вci необхідні документи до того часу, як ви зайдете до нас у оф1с.11. Як тільки я буду вільний, я подзвоню вам сам.

12.Ми чекатимемо на тебе біля кафе. Ти закінчиш cвоїсправи до цього часу?13.Що ти робитимеш о п'ятій? — Не знаю, але я думаю, що до цього часу Biн вже складе icпит.14. Ти знаеш, о котрій годині вони повернуться додому?15.Вони переїдуть до нового будинку до Нового року.

Lesson 14

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Exercise 1. Make up five sentences from the table.

I	have been	working at this plant	for half an hour.
He	Has been	learning English	for three years.
She		looking for it	since 5 o'clock.
We		waiting for them	since 1969.
You		building this factory	since I came here.
They		playing chess	since I have been here.

Exercise 2. Make the following interrogative.

1. The film has been running for a month. 2. They have been waiting for the director since two o'clock. 3. The boy has been keeping the book for a month already. 4. The pupils have been translating the text for an hour and a half. 5.It has been raining since the morning.

Exercise 3. Express the same idea in one sentence instead of two by using the Present Perfect Continuous.

Model: / began to do this exercise a quarter of an hour ago. I am still doing it.— / have been doing this exercise for a quarter of an hour.

1. My sister began to learn French two years ago. She is still learning it. 2. Our teacher began to teach English fifteen years ago. He is still teaching it. 3. I began to look for this magazine half an hour ago. I am still looking for it. 4. His father began to work at the railway station in 1962. He is still working there. 5. The boy fell asleep at ten o'clock. He is still sleeping.

Exercise 4. Ask your classmate:

1. if he learns English; 2. when he began to study English; 3. since when he has been learning English; 4. how long he has been studying English; 5. where his father works; 6. how long his father has been working there; 7. if itis snowing now; 8. if it snowed yesterday; 9. if it has been snowing since the morning.

Exercise5. Put questions to the italicized words.

1. He has been playing chess since the childhood. 2. His younger brother has been skating for an hour. 3. Mary has been looking after the baby since her mother went to the market. 4. We have been looking for you for half an hour.5. Ann has been speaking over the telephone for the last ten minutes.

Exercise6. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Indefinite, Present Continuous, Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous.

1. Where are the pupils? — They (to plant) trees. They (to plant) them since the morning. They always (to plant) trees in October. They already (to plant) several hundred trees this year. 2. Ann (to have) her music lesson now. She (to hay-e) her music lessons twice,a week. 3. I am going to⁴take a walk.,. I (to do) all my home exercises already. I (to do) them forlhree hours. 4. Since when they (to build) this house? 5. At last I (to find) the book I need. I (to look for) it for a quarter of an hour. 6. Don't shout. Helen (to read) an English book. She (to work) at her English every day. She (to learn) this language for three years. She (to read) many English stories this year. 7. What you (to do) in the morning? 8. What you (to do) since the morning?

Exercise 7. Answer the following questions.

1. What is your favourite subject? How long have you been studying it? 2. When did you begin to learn English? How long have you been learning it? 3. When did you go to the library last time? What books did you take there? How long have you been keeping them? 4. Do you play chess? Since when have you been playing it? 5. Where did you buy your coat? Since when have you been wearing it?6. Where do you live? How long have you been living there? 7 I have been reading a book for five days. Today is the twenty-first of September. When did I begin to read it? 8. I вegan to do my homework at 6 o'clock. I'm still doing it. It is 8 o'clock now. How long have I been doing my homework? 9. We b«gan to discuss this question at two o'ciock.10.We have been discussing it for an hour and a half. Whattime is it now? 10. The children have been watching television for 45 minutes. It is 7 o'clock now. At what time didthey begin to watch television?

Exercise 8. Translate using Present Perfect Continuous.

1. Я продивляюсь статп з nятої ранку.Він грае в футбол з дитинства.Вона розмовляє по телефону вже майже годину.Скільки ви вивчаєте англійську мову? — Я вивчаю цю мову вже три роки.Вони вже швтори години обговорюють це питання.Дгги гуляють вже чотири години?Він думае про неї впродовж дня.Скільки вона чекає автобус? —ВБона чекає його вж ечверть години.Ми обговорюємо план роботи з п'ятої години.3 якого часу ви працюете в бібліотеці? — Я працюю тут з ранку.Хлопці сперечаються вже двадцять хвилин.Скільки дгги граються на вулиці? — Вони граються з десятї! ранку.Сьогодні з ранку іде дощ.Він живе в Лондоні вже 10 років.Хто з ваших колег працює на заводі з 1970?

Exercise 9. Translate into English.

1. Що ти робиш? — Чекаю автобуса. Скільки часу ти чекаєш його? — Я чекаю його вже десять хвилин. 2. Ми вивчаємо англійську мову. Ми вивчаємо її вже чотири роки. 3. 3 якого часу його батько працюе головним инженером заводу? 4. Дощ іде зранку. 5. Ніна загубила ручку, вона вже чверть години шукає її. 6. Микола закінчив середню школу три роки тому. 3 того часу він працює на заводі. 7. Коли ви почали читати цю книжку? Скільки разів ви вже прочитали? Скільки часу ви читаєте її? 8. Учні вже швтори години обговорюють роман, який вони читали минулого місяця.

Exercise10.Insert the verb in Present Perfect або у Present Perfect Continuous.

1. She (to be) ill since last week.He (to know) me since childhood.I (to try) to understand you for half an hour.He (to be) in Kyiv for three years.-She (to look) for her key since she came home.They (to be) here since two o'clock.My sister (to sleep) for ten hours.We (to be) married since 1977.How long Mary and Ann (to know) each other?We (not to see) them for three months.His car is very old. He (to have) it for many years.It (to snow) for four hours.

Exercise11.Put the verb in: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Pre­sent Perfect,or Present Perfect Continuous.

1. Her children (to be) in the yard. They (to play) football now. They (to play) it since ten o'clock.2. She (to speak) English well. She (to study) it for five years. Listen! She (to speak) English to her teacher.3.His son just (to return) home. He (to be) dirty. He (toplay) volley-ball.4.Where David (to be)? — He (to be) in the library. He (towork) there at the moment. — How long he (to be) there? — He (to work) for three hours.5. Why she (to look) tired? — She (to work) all night.7. Since when they (to wait) for us? — They (to wait) forhalf an hour. We (to be) late.8. My sister (to drive) a car. She (to learn) to drive for two months. 9. Beth (to be) busy this morning, hasn't she? — Yes. She already (to write) some letters and (to interview) four people.10. Julia already (to return) home. She always (to come)home at this time.11. She (to do) her lessons. She (to do) them since three o'clock.11. My baby (to sleep) at the moment. My baby (to sleep) for two hours.12. Peter (to write) letters now. He (to write) since seven o'clock. He (not to finish) writing yet.13. What they (to do) now? — They (to discuss) a very important problem. They (to discuss) it for two hours; but they (not to reach) the agreement yet14.I never (to suppose) that he can cook. He*(to be) in thekitchen now. He (to cook) for an hour and he already(to prepare) some tasty dishes.15. The weather (to be) fine today. There (to be) no cloudsin the sky, the warm wind (to blow). The sun (to shine)since early morning.16. Where (to be) the pupils? — They (to be) in the garden now. They (to plant) and (to water) the trees. They already (to plant) twenty trees.17. You (to decide) where to go tonight? - I (to think)about it since eight o'clock but I (not to take) the deci­sion yet18. Where my purse (to be)? — You (to put) it into your bag.19. Why you (not to like) this woman? - I (to hate) since Imet her.He (to work) as a translator for already five years.

14. I can say nothing about this ballet as I (not to see) it.

Exercise 12 Translate the sentences using Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous.

1. На кого ти чекаеш? — Я чекаю на свою подругу. Ястою тут вже п'ятнадцять хвилин, але вона ще не прийшла.2.Міжнародний семінар щойно завершився. Він тривав майже тиждень.3.Сьогодні дуже холодно. Небо вкрито хмарами, іде сніг. 3 ранку дме лютий вггер.4 Вона вже пошила co6i нову сукню? — Hi. Вона все ще шиє її. Вона шиє її вже кілька тижнів, але сукня ще не готова.5. Ти вже три години переписуєш цю вправу. Перестань писати i відпочинь трохи. 6.Я тільки зараз зрозумів, що його немає вдома.7. Вже сорок хвилин ми доводимо тo6i, що ти неправий,? — Biн на роботі Він працюе уже чотири годинии, але ти все ще не зважаеш на наші доводи.8. Де лікар? — Він оглядає пацієнта в своему кабінеті Вш там уже п'ять хвилин.9. Чому ти така схвильована? — Цілий день я намагаюсь додзвонитись до cвoi'x батьюв, але ніхто не відповідає. Де вони можуть бути?10. Вони дуже виснажені. Чому? - Весь день вони важко працювали, а тепер вони хочуть відпочити.11. Де ваш собака?! Biн розірвав мою книжку!12.Вони завжди були відданими друзями. Вони знали один одного з дитинства.

2. 13. Чому ти так розчарована? — Мені чомусь розподобалася сукня, яку я сьогодш купила. Я вже'трич! приміряла її 14.Де Пітер? — Biн пішов кататися на ковзанах. — Скільки вiн кататиметься? — Він тільки що пішов на ковзанку. Ти можеш наздогнати його, якщо поквапишся.15. Бабуся всюди шукає свої окуляри. Куди вона ix поклала?

Lesson 15

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Exercise 108. Make up five sentences from each table.

I	had been		sleeping			for an hour		when he came.
He			waiting for him			for 20 minutes		before she left.
She			working here			for five years		by that time.
We			looking for it			for 3 months		by 8 o'clock.
You			living there
They
I	said	that		I	had been		working there	for a long time.
He	thought			he			studying it	since 1970.
She	wrote			she			reading	all day.
We	knew			w§	-		staying here	for an hour.
You				you,			playing chess
They				they			riding

Exercise 109. Change from direct into indirect speech.

1. The girl said, "I have been thinking about it all day." 2. He said, "She has been behaving strangely." 3. Tom said, "I've only been in the country for two days." 4. The teacher said, "I've been correcting your dictations." 5. The boys said, "We have been rowing for a long time."

Exercise 110. Turn the following into the Past Perfect Continuous. Add

other words indicating a past moment as in thejnodel.

Model: / have been waiting for you for half an hour.—

/ had been waiting for you for half an hour when

you came.

1. I have been packing my things for an hour and a half. He has been working in the laboratory for two years.They have been quarrelling for a long time. 4. The children have been skating for an hour. 5. He has been wearing this suit for a year. 6. My brother has been serving in the army for two years.

Впр. 111. Use the verb in Past Perfect Continuous.(Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Past Perfect Continuous).

1. I (to do) my lessons for an hour when my parents came.2. He was tired as he (to play) badminton for several hours.3. She (to sleep) two hours when we returned 4. It (to rain) for half an hour when I left home.5. The weather was cold as the severe wind (to blow) since yesterday.6. Who (to wait) for you at the station for a quarter of an hour when you arrived?7. How long you (to watch) television when your mother entered your room?8. She (to take) the bath for ten minutes when I rang her.9. They (to swim) in the swimming-pool when mother appeared.10. Since when you (to clean) your flat when your granny came home?

Exercise 112. Translate into English.

1. Коли я увійшов до класу, учні обговорювали план екскурсїї. Вони обговорювали його вже 20 хвилин. 2. Коли Ольга закінчила інститут, її сестра вже п'ять років викладала англшську мову в школі 3. Його батьки залишили квартиру, в якій вони прожили двадцять років. 4. Я шукав свій зошит півгодини, перш ніж знайшов його під газетою. 5. Вчора листоноша приніс мені лист. Я чекав цього листа

Exercise 113. . Translate into English.

1. Де ти був о другш годит? — Я був у саду. Я поливав квгги. Я поливав ix уже годину, коли ти подзвонив мені.2. Що вона робила о сьомій вечора? — Вона дивилась телевізор. Вона дивилась його вже кілька годин, коли батьки прийшли.3. Ти закінчив перекладати статтю до восьмої години? Hi, о восьмій я ще не переклав п. Я закінчив переклад об одинадцятій.4. Я шукав свою книжку вже кілька годин, коли мій брат прийшов i знайшов ii.5. Hapeштi вона подзвонила йому вчора. Вш чекав цього дзвінка к1лька тижнiв.6. Мій товариш вже кiлькa годин їхав поїздом в Одесу, коли я подзвонив йому.7. Вона була дуже схвильована. Вона не була в мicтi свого дитинства багато poкiв.8. Коли ми вийшли з дому, йшов сильний дощ. Він йшов уже годину.9. Biн не мir згадати, куди він поклав касету. Він шукав ii' вчора весь день.10. Що вiн робив вчора вранці? — Він мив машину. Він мив її вже півгодини, коли його дружина покликала його снідати.11. Вона була дуже роздратована: Всю ніч хтось співав в сусідній квартирі.12. Ми знали, що він працював над цією проблемою багато років.

Lesson 16

УЗГОДЖЕННЯ ЧАС1В

Exercise 1. Translate into Ukrainian.

I thought that he finished his work at five every day. I thought that he had finished his work at five. She supposed that they always came in time. She supposed that they had come in time.

He hoped that she studied well.He hoped that she had studied well at school. We know that he was ill. We know that he had been ill.I did not know when they left home.I did not know when they had left home.He said his father was a pilot.He said his father had been a pilot.They were sure she wrote letters to her granny.They were sure she had written a letter to her granny.She said that she would visit us in a week.Our teacher said we would be writing the test at two o'clock.

Exercise2. Use Past tenses.

1. She says she likes roses.2. She says he has already written the article.3. They say they will come to see us next Friday.4. She says she is glad to see me.5. We do not know when he comes home.6. Ann is sure we will arrive on Friday.7. Peter thinks his friend has just returned home.8. My teacher believes I will succeed in my studying.9. I know he always gets up early.10. We expect Dorothy will join us in the evening.11. He says he has left his bicycle in the yard.12. I suppose they met in the street.

Exercise 3. Use Past tenses.

1. Christy says he will tell you the truth.2. Nobody knows, what she means.3. We think thaffe joking.4. John says he knows how I feel.5. Harry doesn't know when his cousin will come.6. I can't believe she has done it.7. He thinks they are driving to the country.8. She is sure we will be glad to meet her.9. I don't know where she is.10.I don't think they will be having breakfast so early.11. We hope they have noticed us.12. He doesn't suppose she speaks so much.13. She says she will let me know when they come.14. I think he came in a taxi.15. They are sure we will be waiting for them in the bar.

Exercise 4. Use Past tenses.

1. She realized that nobody (will come/would come).2. We understood that she (sees/saw) nothing.3. He said he (will arrive/would arrive) in some days.4. My mother was sure I already (have come/had come).5. I didn't know they (are/were) in the room.6. We supposed the rain (will stop/would stop) in some hours.7. He said he never (has been/had been) to Kyiv.8. We wanted to know who (is singing/was singing) in the next room.9. I always thought he (is/was) a brave man.10. When I saw him, he (is working/was working).11. We know she always (comes/came) in time.12. They thought he (will have finished/would have finished) his work by the evening.13. She said she (has/had) a terrible headache.14. We supposed they (will send/would send) us the documents.15. He said he (has not seen/had not seen) us for ages.

Exercise 5. Use Past tenses.

1. Her brother said he never (to see) this film before.2. He came home and listened: his son (to play).3. They didn't worry too much because they (to lock) the door.4. I asked her when she (to give) me this book to read5. We wanted to know if they (to enjoy) the meal.6. She supposed she (to like) the hotel.7. I am afraid they (not to come) yet.8. He wanted to know if the station (to be) away.9. Eric doesn't know who (to phone) him at five o'clock.10. He admitted he (not to be) here for weeks.11. She apologies she (to arrive) so late.12. Jean promised she never (to speak) to me again.13. Andy said he just (to buy) a new car.14. My mother decided that she never (to drink) coffee late at night.15. I hear you already (to find) a new job.16. We were sure our children (to sleep).17. I didn't think they still (to discuss) this problem.18. It is remarkable that you (to come) at last.19. My doctor thinks I (to be) allergic to pineapples.20. Sophia knew her aunt (to be) glad to visit her in two days.

Exercise 6. Use Past tenses.

1. When I opened the window, I saw the sun (to shine).2. We are sure Simon (to marry) her some time later.3. He can't remember where he (to put) his glasses.4. George thought the restaurant (to be) expensive.5. She was disappointed that she (not to get) the job.6. I didn't understand why they (to destroy) their relationship.7. He is not sure they (to find) their way in the darkness.8. Jane asked me if I (to invite) Ann to the party.9. People say that he always (to be) very rich.10. She said she (to wait) for me since seven o'clock.11. They thought I (to give) them my telephone number.12. I am afraid I (not can) to answer you question.13. We wanted to know what (to happen) to John.14. George thought he (can) repair the car himself.15. She is very upset: she (to break) her watch.16. Bill said he (to feel) ill.17. We thought she still (to be) in hospital.18. I knew he (to pass) his examination at that time.19. My cousin promised he (to visit) me in a week.20. We didn't know they (to be) tired.

Exercise 7. Use indirect speach

1. Mr. Jones said: "Don't stop!"2. Jes mother told her: "Don't spend so much money".3."Take the children from school for me, please", he asked.4. "Please, help me to translate this text", David said to me.5. "Don't go near the dog", he told to his son.6. "Give me a cup of tea, please", my granny asked me.7. My teacher said: "Please, bring the register'.8. "Stay back!" - ordered the police.9. "Give me a lift into city, please", she asked me.10. My friend said to me: "Lend me some money, please".11. "Don't forget to post this letter", she said to me.

Exercise 8. Use indirect speach

1. "My son is a student", said Henry.2. "She is working at the library", said her mother.3. My friend said to me:" I have not seen you for ages!"4. " I shall solve the clues tomorrow," said All.5. He said: " There is nobody here to stop them".6. The soldiers said: "We will find a place to lie up. I am afraid they will kill us".7. My friend said to me: "We have been waiting for you for ten minutes".8. Jane said: "I am all right. Nothing worries me".9. "I am busy now. I am doing my lessons", said Tom.10. "She is not here. She has just left the office", the secretary said to us.11. He said to me: "This man is the doctor for the hospital".12. "There is no one by that name here", they answered.13. "I am ill. I have a high temperature", he said to us.14. "We have tried to telephone to Odessa for him", they said.15. "I don't think I will have done this work by the evening", she said.

Exercise 9. Use indirect speach

1. "I was to London last year", she said to me.2. "I have never been to Kyiv before", he said to the girl next to him.3. She said: "One of these men is my husband".4. " I have come here to meet Jane", he said to me.5. "We can not help you: we are too busy", they told me.6. "I will come to visit you the day after tomorrow", she said to me.7. He said: "I was tired so I came home after pasty".8. "They are at the little hotel near the station", said Mike.9. She said: "I am trying to listen to music. Go out!"10. "I haven't been waiting long", said Stephen to her.11. "They are getting married tomorrow", he said.12. She thought: "I will do it on Sunday".13. They said to me: "We are meeting them at four o'clock today".14. "I am going to the cinema", she said to me.15. "He can not speak any foreign languages", Mary said to us.

Exercise 10. Use indirect speach

1. "I am not joking", said my friend.2. He said: "I have already spoken to the manager".3. Joan said to Mary: "I didn't feel very well yesterday".4. Simon said: "I must go now. I am in a hurry".5. "I like swimming and playing tennis", she said.6. Mike said: "My parents are arriving tomorrow".7. "We were in this city two years ago", he said.8. She said: "My friend doesn't like this film".9. David said: "I will help you tomorrow if I have time".10. "I have already translated two articles", said Jane.11. "We are going to stay in this hotel", they told us.12. Julia said: "I will have finished my work by seven o'clock tonight".13. "I want to know where you spent last night", he said.14. "I will be working the whole day next Friday", said my cousin.15. "Mind your business", he said to me.

Lesson 17

УЗГОДЖЕННЯ ЧАС1В

Exercise 1. Change from direct into indirect speech.

1. The pupils said, "We study English." 2. The girl sai<L "I learned French"at school." 3. The man said, "I am an angineer." 4. My aunt said, "I'll be at home at seven o'clock." 5. Mary said, "I was there with my parents." "6. The boy said, "Thave done my homework." 7. His father said, "I don't speak Spanish." 8. The doctor said, "I'll eome again in the morning." 9. The woman said, "I did not see Helen there." 10. The children said, "We had lunch at school." 11. The woman said, "I have three children." 12. Ann said, "I didn't buy anything at that shop." 13. The boy said, "I am not hungry at all." 14. The teacher said, "Nick does not know the rule." 15. My friend said, "I didn't 20. The teacher said, "London is the capital of England."

Exercise 2. Ask your classmates and then say what they answered.

Model: Ask your classmate if he speaks Engksh.—- Do you speak English? — Yes, I do. J speak Eng­lish.— He said that he spoke English.

Ask your classmate:

1.if he studies mathematics; 2. if he goes in for sports; 3. if he will go to the cinema this evening; 4. if he is tired; 5. if he likes to play volley-ball; 6. if he drank tea for break­fast; 7. if he will go skiing today; 8. when he does his home­work; 9. if he played chess with his friend; JO. where he bought his bag; 11. at what time he gets up; 12. if he has brought his English textbook to school; 13. if he plays the piano; 14. if he is hungry; 15. if he has read the novel.

Exercise 3. Translate into English.

1. Вона каже, що її мати працює в школі 2. Вона сказала, що її мати працює в школі 3. Він каже, що його батько працював на фабриці. 4. Він сказав, що його батько працював на фабриці. 5. Він каже, що влгтку поїде до моря. .6. Biн сказав, що влітку він поїде до моря. 7. Ми знаємо, що він вдома. 8. Ми знали, що він вдома. 9. Вона думала, що ви подзвоните їй. 10. Вони думали, що я знаю французьку мову. 11. Вона сказала, що їй подобається фільм. 12. Ми знаємо, що концерт вам сподобається. 13. Ми знали, що концерт вам сподобається. 14. Я думав, що ти зайнятий. 15. Ми знаємо, що ти зайнятий. 16. Учитель запитує, де ти живеш. 17. Учитель запитав, де я живу. 18. Biн запитав мене, де я купив цей шдручник. 19. Ми не знали, що вона хвора. 20. Ми читали в газеті що робітники цього заводу перевиконали план. 21. Biн сказав, що він був у Париі1 в ciчнi 1970 року. 22. Учні знали, що Т. Г. Шевченко народився в 1814 р.

Exercise 4. Change from direct into indirect speech.

1. "The publishes has told me that he is going to accept my book", he said to me.2. My mother said: "Speak in a low voice. The baby is sleeping".3. "I have my English lesson today", my brother said to me.4. The student said: "I am afraid I will not pass my exam tomorrow".5. "I have seen two nurses. I will find out where they are", said the man.6. John said: "I have never tasted anything so tasty".7. "Your joke is stupid. I want to listen to your jokes anymore", she said to Peter.8. "I am not crying", Julia said.9. "I will not leave you alone if you want me to stay", Catherine said.10. "We are going to go to the disco", my friend said to me.11. Ann said: "Last Saturday I was at the theatre, but I did not like the play".12. The doctor told me: "Beer will not be good for you".13. He said: "It is too late to start to ski if you have never done it before".14. "We have been married four years", they said to me.15. "Don't worry about me. I feel fine", she said to her mother.

Exercise 5. Change from direct into indirect speech.

1. "I am very hungry. I want to eat something now", a boy said.2. "I will never finish this work if you don't help me", his wife told him.3. He said: "This machine is no good but the others march".4. "I've heard about it before", she said.5. "You will come with me to see Ann", said Miss Barkley.6. "I don't know", he said. "There isn't always an explanation for everything".7. "He didn't join us in the bar", my friend said.8. "I am awfully sorry, but I can't help you", my cousin said.9. "We know all about it now", his parents said to him.10. I was working hard the whole day yesterday", Nick said.11. "They will have returned by nine o'clock", my granny said to me.12. "I don't know why he wanted to go to war", she said13. "There is no work for you now", said the manager to him.14. "You did exactly right", she said". "I don't mind at all".15. "He has been leading a sort of an interesting life", his friend said.

Exercise 6. Change from direct into indirect speech.

2. "We are going to have dinner", my mother said to me.3. "She has made great progress in her English", her teacher said.4. "I will be glad to help you, don't mind", Joe said to Polly.5. "We are playing a boring game", his children said.6. Robert said: "Nobody has mentioned about it".7. "I can't stay here", he said.8. "As soon as you see him, give him my telephone number", Henry said to me.9. "I'll just step out the door a minute", Julia said.10. "Be a good boy and be careful", his father said.11."If I go back my parents will not let me go out", the boy said to his friends.12. "I think you don't know anything about it", Victor said to me.13. "They have been discussing this question for two hours", said the secretary.14. "I am all right. I feel better now", the patient said.15. "If it is possible I will return in time", he said.16. Her sister said to me: "She is still doing her homework".

Exercise 7. Change from direct into indirect speech.

1. She said she had already found her book.2. My father told me that he was busy.3. The pupil said he had not learned the lesson.4. All said that he was ill and felt unwell.5. My sister told me that if she got that book she would give it me to read.6. Mother asked me to stay at home as the weather was bad.7. The man said he had never been to Kyiv.8. Jane told us she would be working the whole day on Sunday.9. The man said that there was not room for us.10.His father asked him to put the papers on the table.11.Barry said that he thought he had left his watch at home.

Exercise 8. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased. 2. When he learnt that his son had Щ received an excellent mark at school, he was very pleased. 3. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 4. We did not know where our friends had gone. 5. She said that her best friend was a doctor. 6. She said that her best friend had been a doctor. 7. I didn't know that you worked at the Hermitage. 8. I didn't know that you had worked at the Hermitage. 9. I knew that you were ill. 10. I knew that you had been ill. 11. We found that she left home at eight o'clock every morning. 12. We found that she had left home at eight o'clock that morning.

Exercise 9. Write in Past tenses.

1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 3. He says it did him a lot of good. 4. He says he feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 6. He says they did a lot of sightseeing. 7. He says he has a good camera. 8. He says he took many photographs while travelling in the Caucasus. 9. He says he will come to see us next Sunday. 10. He says he will bring and show us the photographs he t.bok during his stay in the Caucasus.

Exercise 10. Write in Past tenses.

1. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent guides. 2: He says they have made good progress in English. 3. Oleg says that in a day or two several English students will come to pay a visit to their school and he will probably have to act an• interpreter. 4. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street. 5. She says Boris told her a lot of interesting things about his travels in the south. 6. John says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived in St. Petersburg from the United States of America. 7. He says they have not bee n here for a long time. 8. He says they were friends .at school. 9.. They say they will write me a letter when they return home.

Lesson 18 (Reserved )

Exercise 1. Use the necessary tenses

1. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro в! .i ■ tion and I decided to hurry. 2. I didn't know th.it you already (to wind) up the clock. 3. I was afrnul that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 4. He says tlu«t he (to know) the laws of the country. 5. Sarie ни-derstood why Lanny (not to come) the previoni evening. 6. She asked me whether I (to rememb» i) the legend about a faithful lion. 7. He understand| that the soldiers (to arrest) him. 8. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well. 9. I suppose they (to send) a doctor the burglar immediately. 10. He said he (to let. tomorrow morning. 11. She says she already (to in the book. 12. He stopped and listened: the clock ( strike) five. 13. She said she (can) not tell me t right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 14. I asked reighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 15. policeman asked George where he (to run) so enrl 16. The delegates were told that the guide just ( go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.

Exercise2. Use the necessary tenses

I. My friend asked me who (is playing, was play-) the piano in the sitting room. 2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 3. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter,4.. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine. I hope it (will not change, would not change)to the worse. 5.1 knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 6. I want to know what he (has bought, had ought) for her birthday. 7.1 asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the "Ritz" lotel. 9. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their• keу in the dark. 10. He asked me where I (study,studied). 11. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time. 12. He says he (works,worked) at school two years ago. 13. Victor said he was very busy.

Exercise 3. Change from direct into indirect speech.

1. Не asked me: "Can you give me your pen?"2. She said: "Has he already come home after lessons?"3. They said to him: "Which school do you go to?"4. Liz asked: "Are you seeing the manager tomorrow?"5. My mother told me: "Where have you put my book?"6. She asked: "How long have you been translating this article?"7. Jane asked: "Did you go to London last year?"8. "Are you busy now?" Nick asked his brother.9. Kate's mother said: "What marks have you got at school?"10. She asked me: "When will you to Kyiv?"

Exercise 4. Change from indirect into direct speech.

1. Не said that he studied English before he entered the institute.2. She said that her parents lived in Kyiv.3. He told me that son would arrive the next day.4. David said he had broken his bicycle.5. They told us they were busy: they were discussing a very important question.6. Tom said he had been working at school for three years.7. She said her daughter would go on a trip the following month.8. James said he liked to see adventure films.9. My friend said she wanted to buy a dog for her children.10.Jane told me she would return me my book the following week.11. His mother told him not to go to school because he was ill.12. Sue said Ann had invited her to stay in her house for the following weekend.13. His friend told him that he didn't think he could help.14. She said she could not go for a walk with me as she was watching an interesting TV programme.15. They told me that the train was leaving at the moment.

Exercise 5. Change from direct into indirect speech.

1. She said: "My parents are arriving tomorrow".2. "We will be waiting at the station when you arrive", they told to him.3. "When I get money, I'll buy a new car*', said my friend.4. 4. He said: "I must go and post a letter"5. She said: "I stayed in a hotel for two weeks". 6. "Don't speak in a loud voice, you brother is sleeping", told mother to him.7. I can see you tomorrow", she said.8. Beth said: "When father comes, I shall show him my picture".9. "I've made some discoveries for myself today", said Meg.10. "If you go straight, you will lose your way", the warning said.11. "It's a nice country. You can reach the sea from any place", my uncle said.12. "Don't play with a dog. Go and do your lessons", his elder sister told him.13. "If they come to see me, I'll bake my favourite cake for them", said Jane.14. He said: "I will take the place of the man of the family now".15. "Remember the warring! Don't play with fire", said the man.

Exercise 6. Change from direct into indirect speech.

1. Last year we spent in the Crimea.2. They moved to a new flat yesterday.3. I don't remember what she said.4. We have seen him today twice.5. I shall help you if you like.6. I have been translating this text for two hours.7. They are watching us at the moment.8. He will be retired next month.9. You are have to be more polite.10.I am not doing something special now. I am watching TV.11. She will go for a walk if she has time.12. I have not told anybody about it.13. It will be nice of you if you apologize for your behaviour.14. I am going to go to university.15. You will fail your exams if don't work hard.16. Two years ago they were students.17. Next year I will go to the USA.18.I was not at school yesterday as I was ill.19. I think he will become a singer as he sings well.20. We are not sure she has already finished her work.

Exercise 7. Change from direct into indirect speech.

1. Why did not he come to the yacht-club? (He didn't tell us...)2. Where has she been? (We didn't know...).3. Do you often play basketball? (She asked me...).4. Why doesn't she come early? (He wanted to know...).5. When will the next train leave? (We asked...).6. What are you doing? (My friend asked me...).7. How long have his parents work for the company? (They didn't know...).8. When did Jack phone me? (He wanted to know...).9. How often does she visit them? (He asked me...).10. Who borrowed him money? (She didn't know...).11. How many times have they seen this film? (He wondered...).12. Why will not she come to the party? (He asked...).13. What is the little boy playing with? (She wanted to know...).14. What will they be doing at 5 o'clock? (My friend asked...).15. What are your hobbies? (He asked me...).

Exercise 8. Change from direct into indirect speech.

1. I said: "Did you become a manager five years ago?2. He asked me: "Does your sister study at school?"3. She said: "Is he working on his report?"4. Jack said: "Did you meet anybody at the party?"5. Kate said to him: "Do you like modern art?"6. Pat said to Nick: "Are you busy?"7. Jane asked me: "Have you already found the keys?"8. My friend said: "Have you already chosen a book to read?"9. They asked us: "Are you tired?"10.We asked: "Will you come to see us on Friday?"11. Peter said: "Have they been waiting for hours?"12. Mary asked me: "Have you known him since childhood?"13. Mark said to Kate: "Do you prefer coffee to tea?14. I asked my brother: "Can you help me?15. She asked her: "Has he already received a letter?"16. Jane said to me:^r"Do you agree with his decision?"17. I asked her: "Can you give me a new cassette?"

Exercise 9. Change from direct into indirect speech.

1. Are there any people in the house? (The policeman asked...)2. Has he already returned? (He asked me...)3. Did you sister refuse to go to the cinema? (She asked...)4. Will you return my book in time? (He asked me...)5. Is he a good-looking man? (She wanted to know...)6. Have they ever been to Odessa? (We asked...)7. Are you coming back today? (They asked us...)8. Did the bus come in time? (He wanted to know...)9. Does she know anything about his problem? (They asked...)10. Can you translate this text without any dictionary? (She asked him...)11. Is she cooking dinner in the kitchen? (He didn't know...)12. Will they recognize us in the crowd? (They wanted to know...)13. Are you in a hurry? (She asked me...)14. Will she return in time? (They did not ask me...)15. Can you think about the feature and not about the past? (He asked...)

Exercise 10. Change from direct into indirect speech.

1. My friend asked me: "Which look did you take?"2. Father said to Kate: "What are you doing now?"3. Tom said: "Have you met Pat before?"4. Judy asked Nike: "Did you invite your friends?"5. My aunt asked me: "Have you already finished your exams?"6. The teacher asked his pupils: "Do you like the story?"7. The passenger said: "What time does the plane arrive?"8. Grandmother said to Jack: "Will you send a telegram tomorrow?"9. She asked her guest: "Do you prefer coffee to tea?"10.Mother asked her children: "Who has broken the cup?"11. The child asked his father: "What is this toy made of?"12.The doctor said to his patient: "How are you feeling now?"

Lesson 19 Modul (orally)

Lesson 20 Test

Семестрова контрольна робота

Term 2

Lesson 1

Modal Verbs

Сап

Exercise	141. Make up	five sentences from each table.
I	can	speak German.
Не	cannot	translate this text without a dictionary.
She	(can't)	answer this question.
We	could	repair a television set.
You	could not	skate.
They	(couldn't)	see him in the afternoon.

Can	I	s-peak French?
Can't	he	play tennis?
Could	she	solve this problem?
Couldn't	we	lift the box?
	you	run 100 metres in 12 seconds?
	they	go there by trolley-bus?

I	will		(not)	be able		to break the record.
He	shall					to carry the child.
She	Ml					to do this sum.
We						to get there in time.
You						to pay such a sum.
They						to ring you up.
I		could have			prepared the report.
He					gone there.
She					done it yesterday.
We		-			bought a motor cycle.
You					broken the record.
They					come in time.

I	can't	be at school now.
He	couldn't	know this man.
She		have said it.
We		be waiting for you now.
You		have been teaching for ten years.
They		have insulted her.

Can	I	be preparing for an examination now?
Could	he	be at home at such an hour?
	she	know Japanese?
	we	be still waiting for us?
	you	have lost it?
	they	have fallen ill?

Exercise 1. Make the following interrogative and negative.

1. Peter can make a shelf. 2. Ann could go there yester­day. 3. His friends will be able to help him on Sunday. 4. Our pupils can read and speak English. 5. The tourists will be able to reach the village before dark. 6. I can show you the way to the park. 7. He could buy the ticket before­hand. 8. You will be able to catch the train.

Exercise 2.Translate into English using could

Моя сестра не вмiє готувати.2. Ти можеш зробити це сам?3. Хто може відповісти на це питання?4. Вона гіколи не може прийти на зустріч вчасно.5. Ви зможете допомогти мні завтра?6. Вчора він не мir заснути.7. Ти вмієш водити машину?8. Я можу відвідати вас завтра?9. Чому ти не змir розв'язати цю задачу?10. Він каже, що не зможе прийти сьогодні ввечері.11. Де я можу купити квитки?12. Ти не можеш думати про це весь час.13. Я не зможу відвідати вас завтра.14. Я не зможу допомогти вам сьогодш ввечері. 15. Машина була надто дорогою — він не змir купити її.16. Ящик дуже важкий — я не зможу підняти його.17. Вона змогла відвідати ix сьогодні?

Exercise 3.Translate into English using can, could, to be able to

1. Можливо, вони зможуть замовити квитки для вас.2. Biн вмie так швидко 6iraraти з дитинства.3. Вона взагал1 не вмiє плавати!4.Коли він був молодшим, він мir танцювати краще, ніж може зараз.5.Півгодини я намагався відкрити двepi, але не змir.6.. Вона сказала, що не змогла приєднатись до нас, тому що хворіла.7. Ми будемо дуже рад1, якщо зможемо допомогти вам.8. Вони змогли відвідати вci музеї за три дні.9. . Чому він нiкoли не може лягти спати раніше?10. Це вперше вони змогли досягти вершини гори.11. Коли ти зможеш дати мені ii адресу?12. Чому поліція не змогла знайти викрадача?

Exercise 4.Translate into English using can, could, to be able to

1. Ти можеш піти в кіно, якщо захочеш?2. Ви можете допомогти мені?3. Дитина не може дивитись телевізор скільки хоче.4. Можна я сам відповім на це запитання?5. б. Maлi дгги не можуть залишатися вдома самі

Exercise 5. Translate into English using the verb can.

A. 1. Ми можемо закінчити цю роботу сьогодні. 2. Моя сестра вміє грати на скрипці. 3. Я не мir відповісти на друге запитання. 4. Ви можете прийти завтра? 5. Цей хлопець вміє кататися на ковзанах. 6. Можна мені взяти твій зошит? 7. Я зможу зробити цё завтра. 8. Вони не змогли купити квитків на концерт. 9. Ти зможеш поїхати туди влітку? 10. Вона могла запізнитися на поїзд. Б. I. Не може бути, щоб він провалився на екзамені з хімії. Це його улюблений предмет. 2. Невже вона сказала це? 3. Не може бути, щоб вони зараз чекали нас.4.Невже він зараз вдома? 5. Не може бути, щоб він уже приїхав. 6. Невже вона вже виїхала з Київа? 7. Невже вона забула нас? 8. Не може бути, щоб вони були там з восьмої години. 9. Невже вони працюють там з восьмої години? 10. Невже вони вже чотири години грають у шахи?

Lesson 2

May

Exercise 1. Make up five sentences from each table.

I	may	be at the theatre now.
He	might	be ill.
She		Come on Friday.
We		have forgotten about it.
You		be fond of such films.
They		have learned German at school.

t ake your book?

use a dictionary?

keep this book till Monday?

go to the cinema in the evening?

join your excursion?

go home?

may

find him at home only in the evening.

I

He

She

We

You

They

buy such a TV set at the department store.

borrow this book at our school library.

take a bus.

spend a holiday in a village.

go ^here by train.

I | might

He

She

We

You

They

be more careful, have done this homework better, listen to me more attentively, have told me about it before, have sent him a telegram, keep silent while I'm speaking.

Exercise 2. Paraphrase the following sentences referring thera to the future and to the past.

Model: / тщ keep this magazine till Monday.— / shall be allowed to keep this magazine till Monday.—/ was allowed to keep this magazine till Monday.

1. We may occupy this room. 2. He may stay away from school. 3. The tourists may spend the night in the camp.4. You may see these documents. 5. She may work in the laboratory. 6. The pupils may go home. 7. I may be present at the meeting.

Exercise 3. Change from direct into indirect speech.

Model: The teacher said to the pupils, "You may go home." — The teacher told the pupils that they might go home.

1. Mother said to her son, "You may go to the cinema."2. The doctor said to the sick man, "You may go out."3. He said to me, "You may look at it" 4. The girl said to her friend, "You may work in my room." 5. The policeman said to them, "You may cross the street."

Exercise 4. Paraphrase the following sentences using the verb may.

Model: Perhaps she is working at her report.— She may

be working at her report.

1. Perhaps he has bought the dictionary. 2. It is possible that they are in the park. 3. Perhaps a letter will come to you today. 4. Maybe, it will rain tomorrow. 5. It is possible that the child was there. 6. Perhaps she read Ш* story. Maybe, his mother knows Spanish. 8. It is possible that they know each other. 9. It is possible that she has gone to the doctor. 10. Maybe, they left for Moscow yesterday.

Exercise 5. Paraphrase the following using the verb may.

M о 4 e 1: / nearly lost my way.— / might have lost my way.

1. I nearly forgot about it. 2. It nearly killed him. 3. He nearly broke the window. 4. She nearly fell asleep. 5. I nearly caught cold.

Exercise 6. Paraphrase the following using the verb may expressing reproach.

Mode l.Iwishyou were more attentive.— You might be more attentive.

1. I wish you helped me. 2. I wish you did something for them. 3. I wish you were more modest. 4. I wish you had done it in time. 5. I wish they had been there yesterday. 6. I wish you spoke English at the lesson. 7. I wish you had visited him in the hospital. 8. I wish he behaved pro­perly. 9. I wish he were here

Exercise 6.Translate into English using may, might.

1. Можна запитати, скільки вам років?2. Мама сказала, що діти можуть їхати з нами.3. Ти не можеш їсти стільки морозива, скільки хочеш.4. Вчитель сказав учням, що вони можуть йти додому.5. Туристи можуть ставити намети лише тут.6. Хлопчик думав, що йому можна їсти морозиво.7. Можна взяти твою парасольку?8. Нам відповіли, що ми можемо отримати папери лише через місяць.9. Ти не можеш іти зараз.10. Поліція сказала, що він може виїхати з міста.11. Ви можете палити, якщо хочете.

Exercise 7.Translate into English using to be allowed to.

1. Йому дозволять їздити на мотоциклі.2. Їм дозволять ходити в парк самим.3. Нам дозволили піти на дискотеку.4. Їй дозволять взяти машину брата.5. Учням не дозволяють пропускати уроки.6. To6i дозволили взяти участь в перегонах?7. Чому мені не дозволяють повертатись додому пізно?8. Моєму другові дозволили купити собаку.9. Коли пацієнту дозволять ходити? 10. To6i вже дозволили піти?

, Exercise 8.Translate into English using might, to be allowed to.

1. Ви можете починати виконувати це завдання.2. Ти не можеш розмовляти з ним так неввічливо.3. Meні дозволили запросити на вечірку вcix моїх друз1в.4. Вам не можна пропускати лекції.5. Кому з вас дозволили шти в похід?6. Батьки сказали, що нам можна ходити на річку.7. Я прийду до вас, як тільки мені дозволять.8. Можна йому взяти участь в концерті?9. Ми не впевнені, що нам дозволять здійснити цей проект. 10. Чому мені не дозволили відвідати хворого?11. Студентам дозволять користуватись записами шд час екзамену.12.Коли дггям дозволять пограти на комп'ютері?13. Як тільки йому виповниться шістнадцять, йому дозволять водити машину.14. Як часто тo6i дозволяють влаштовувати вечірки вдома?15. Нікому не дозволили взяти участь в змаганнях без дозволу лікаря.

Exercise 9. Translate into English using the verb may.

A. 1. Можна увійти? 2. Можна розгорнути книжки? 3. Можна меш зачинити вікно? 4. Можна нам іти додому? 5. Можна їй йти в бібліотеку? 6. Можна нам грати в футбол на шкільному подвірї 7. Можна мені писати олівцем?8. Можна тут голосно розмовляти? 9. Можна мені ввімкнути світло? 10. Можна йому взяти з собою маленького брата?

Б. 1. Я можу дістати квитки заздалегідь. 2. Ми можемо поїхати туди автобусом або залізницею. 3. У нашій школі є спортзал, де учні можуть займатися різними видами спорту. 4. Він може пообідати в їдальні. 5. У нашому місті ви можете побачити будинок, що був побудований у 17 столітті

B. 1. Може, він чекає на вас біля кінотеатру. 2. Можливо, вони вже пішли додому. 3. Може, головний інженер повернеться завтра. 4. Може, вона зараз слухає радіо.5. Може, завтра буде дощ. 6. Може, вона не знає твоєї адреси. 7. Можливо, він уже закінчив школу. 8, Може,Лія захворіла.

Г. 1. На щастя, я зустрів дітей у лісі. Вони могли заблудитися. 2. Не грайте у футбол біля будинку. Ви можете ро:збити вікно. 3. Якби вона не наділа теплого пальта, вона могла б застудитися. 4. Ти така необережна. Ти могла б розбити тарілку. 5. У мене не було з собою грошей. Я мir би купити цю книжку.

Д. 1. Я не задоволений твоєю відповіддю. Ти мir би відповісти краще. 2. Ви могли б слухати уважніше. 3. Соромно вам. Ви могли б тоі1 допомогти йому. 4. Ти могла б бути скромнішою.

Lesson 3

Must

Exercise 1. Make up five sentences from each table.

I He She We You They

must

get up at six o'clock, learn this poem by heart, go home at once, work hard to know English well, prepare the report by Monday, come to school at a quarter past eight.

I	must	be lying in the sun now.
He		be ill.
She		be angry with me.
We		be afraid of you.
You		have won the game.
They		have been waiting for her since seven
		o'clock. .

Exercise 2. Make the following sentences interrogative.

1. You must air the room twice a day. 2. Children must sleep nine hours a day. 3. The pupils must clean their classrooms. 4. She must help her mother about the house, 5. We must read English book every day. 6. Everybody must go in for sports. 7. All children must go to school. 8. You must come to school in time.

Exercise 3. Give negative answers to the following questions.

Model: May I take this book home?— No, you mustn't. You must not take it home.

1. May I open the window? 2. May we fish in this pond? 3. May we play football here? 4. May I use this telephone? 5. May the children play in the street? 6. May they smoke in this room? 7. May we hunt in this forest? 8. May I tell my friends about it?

Exercise 4Paraphrase the following sentences referring them to the past and to the future.

Model: / must go there at once.—I had to go there at

once.— I shall have to go there at once. 1. I must catch up with my class. 2. The man must sell his house. 3. She must turn off the radio. 4. You must be there at nine. 5. The girl must water flowers. 6. They must get up at six. 7. His sister must go shopping. 8. We must work in the reading-hall. 9. They must stay at home. 10. You must pay for it.

Exercise 5. Translate into English using the verb must.

1. Я мушу встати рано. 2. Ми повинні поговорити про це завтра.3. Ви не повинні хвилюватись.4. Учні повинні виконувати домашні завдання.5. Хто повинен прибирати в твоїй кімнаті?6.Вона повинна помити посуд.7. Ти не повинен розмовляти на уроці.8. Їм треба приходити сюди завтра?9. Вони мають повернутись до вечора.10. Мама сказала, що ми повинні піти в магазин.11. Вони змушені продати свою крамницю.12. Я повинен робити це сам?13. Вчитель сказав, що учні повинні читати англійською книжки.14. Ти не повинен плавати так довго.15. Він сказав, що ми повинні виїхати рано вранці.

Exercise 6. Translate into English using the verb to have to.

1. Я повинен шдготувати доповідь.2. Ти не повинен іти пішки.3. Biн був змушении повернутись з відпустки раніше.4. Їй не довелося працювати вночі.5. Їм довелось повернути квитки в касу.6. Ми повинні будемо нагадати їм про їхню обіцянку.7.Їм не доведеться довго чекати.8. Їй доведеться вибирати самій?9. Ви не повинні вибачатись.10. 10. Чому ти був змушений розповісти про це?

Exercise 7. Translate into English using the verb to have to.

1. Вона повинна відвідати лікаря.2. Він не знав, що він повинен робити.3. Чому ти змушении залишати країну?4. Biн не повинен був залишати дитину одну. 5. Вона змушена залишити роботу з того часу, як народилась дитина.6. Йшов дощ i я був змушении взяти парасольку.7. Ти не повинен брехати нам.8. Biн повинен робити зарядку щодня з того часу, як погладшав.9. Вони будуть змушені запросити її.10. Вона не мусить готувати обід, ми можемо поїсти в ресторані.

Exercise 8. Translate into English using the verb must.

A. 1. Учш повинні виконувати домашнє завдання. 2. Вона загубила ручку i мусила писати олівцем. 3. To6i не можна ї'сти морозива. 4. Я мусив вимкнути телевізор. 5. Ми повинні приходити до школи вчасно. 6. Коли я маю повернути книжку? 7. Нам треба вивчити цей вірш напам'ять? 8. На екзамені вам не можна користуватися словником. 9. Вона сказала, що ми повинні полити квіти. 10. Йому доведеться складати екзамени у серпні.

Б. 1. Його батько, напевно, інженер. 2. Очевидно, це трапилося вчора увечері 3. Він, мабуть, зараз готується до екзамену з xiмії. 4. Олена, мабуть, захворіла; вона ніколи не пропускає уроків. 5. Bін, напевно, знає вашого батька. 6. Biн тут уже, мабуть, півтори години. 7. Вони, напевно, все ще обговорюють це питання. 8. У Чернигові мабуть, іде дощ. 9. To6i, напевно, холодно, одягни пальто. 10. Вони, напевно, в же побудували новий міст через Дніпро.

Lesson 4

Subjunctive Mood