Міністерство освіти і науки України

Миргородський державний керамічний технікум імені М.В. Гоголя

Методичний посібник з англійської мови

Для студентів 4 курсу заочного відділення зі спеціальності

5.05130109 "Виробництво тугоплавких неметалевих і силікатних матеріалів і виробів"

Склав посібник викладач О.М.ШКРЯБУН

Розглянуто і схвалено на засіданні

циклової комісії "Діловодство"

Протокол № від 2009р

Голова циклової комісії

___________О.В.Гречко

Миргород 2009

1. Ціль і задачі дисципліни

Метою курсу є формування основних навичок мовного спілкування на

Англійській мові в професійних сферах.

Задачами курсу є:

· формування вмінь вести бесіду, брати участь у дискусіях;

· удосконалювати навички читання і розуміння спеціальних

текстів;

· тренування навички розуміння на слух діалогічного і моноло-

гічного мовлення

Об’єм предмету і види навчальної роботи

Ця програма охоплює основні розділи предмету. Вона реалізується у формі практичних занять і самостійної роботи студентів, яка включає підготовку до практичних занять і виконання домашнього завдання

Види навчальної роботи	Всього годин
Загальна кількість годин	108
Аудиторні заняття	16
Самостійна робота	90

Залік

2

Зміст предмета включає такі теми:

--Хімія

--Д.І.Менделєєв

--Пирода кераміки

--Хімічна лабораторія

--Виміри в хімії

--склад речовини

А також граматичні теми вживання часів, активний і пасивний стан, модальні дієслова, словотворення, особливості перекладу.

LESSON 1

Grammar: 1. Review of the Indefinite Tense Forms.

2. The meanings of one.

Text: Chemistry.

Ex 1 Pronounce the following words

material

property

undergo

composition

condition

accompany

colour

fundamental

important

magcic

quantitatively

relationship

external

concept

molecule

equal

among

hydrogen

Ex. 2. Завершіть речення як у зразку. Використовуйте the Past Indefinite Tense:

Model: He studies organic chemistry but last year he studied inorganic chemistry,

1. The students come to the Institute at 9 but last year they ... at half past nine. 2. She carries experiments herself but some time ago she ... them under the teacher's supervision. 3. He works at the Research Institute but two years ago he ... at the plant. 4. They speak English rather well but last year they ... poorly.

Ex. 3. Відкрийте дужки, ставлячи дієслова у правильну часову форму:

1. Last year he (to deal with) quantitative analysis. 2. Eve­ry day she (to attend) lectures on chemistry. 3. Two years 2ago he (to study) the problems of the crystal structure. 4. Yes­terday they (not work) in the laboratory as there was no electricity. 5. He (to pass) his exams well, and now he (to rest). 6. They (to get) good results, which helped them in their work. 7. Many students (to graduate from) the Institute last year. 8. When they (to heat) water to 100°C it (to begin) to boil. 9. She (not take part) in this research work as she (to be ill) at that time. 10. Next year he (to graduate) from the Institute and (leave) Moscow for his native town. 11. She (to work) in the field of nuclear physics next year. 12. They (to use) this new device in their work soon.

Ex. 4 Поставте дієслова у 3 особі однини:

to teach, (she, he) ...; to undergo, (it) ...; to study, (he, she) ...; to change, (it) ...; to get, (he, she) ...; to introduce, (she) ....

Еx.4 . Перекладіть речення українською мовою

1. They study organic processes and inorganic ones. 2. Anyone can take part in this work. 3. This method is sim­pler than that one. 4. No one has ever observed this phenome­non. 5. One must know all the properties of this substance. 6. Sodium is the only one of the alkali metals which is used industrially in large quantities. 7. No one could state the definite properties of this substance. 8. One may expect that this substance dissolves easily in water. 9. Only one out of 100 million atoms of radium decomposes per second. 10. At one time the chemists took the weight of the hydrogen atom as the unit. 11. Hydrogen consists of particles, each one is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms.

Прочитайте текст перекладіть українською мовою

TEXT. CHEMISTRY

Chemistry is the science which deals with materials, their properties and the transformations they undergo. So chemis­try is the study of the composition and properties of matter, their changes, the conditions under which such changes take place, and the energy changes which accompany them.

Chemistry is concerned with the nature of fire and the structure of water, it deals with colours, catalysis and crystal structure, with physical properties and chemical reactivity.

Chemistry is one of the fundamental sciences. It plays an important part in the development of biochemistry, physics, geology, and many other fields of science. Chemistry's origin goes back to ancient times, with the manufacture of bronze, iron, ceramics, glass.

At the end of the sixteenth century' sufficient facts, entirely free of magic which surrounded the work of the alchemists, appeared.

In the 17th century modern chemistry began with the work of Robert Boyle. He was the first one who studied quantitatively the relationship between the volume of a gas and the external pressure upon it. Later A. Lavoisier introduced the concept of the chemical elements.

In the 19th century A. Avogadro introduced the concept of molecules. He stated that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

F. A. Kekule and A. M. Butlerov introduced the structural theory of organic chemistry.

In 1869 D. I. Mendeleyev discovered regularities in the properties of the elements. D. I. Mendeleyev's discovery was the greatest one in chemistry.

Many great scientists devoted their life to the development of chemistry, among them Bohr whose theory of the hydrogen atom was very important, the Curies who in 1934 announced the preparation of artificially radio-active elements, Marie Curie who discovered radium and the element polonium. Many great Russian chemists made a great contribution to the world science. Among them, the outstanding Russian chemists M. V. Lomonosov, D. I. Mendeleyev, A. M. Butlerov, Academician N. N. Semenov, and many others.

Everyone now understands the importance of chemistry. The future of chemistry is practically unlimited. Rapid development of chemical industry will make it possible tocreate many new goods, machines, plastics, polymers, it will help to understand many new phenomena.

In your study of chemistry you will learn many things about substances, compounds, materials, chemical and physical changes, chemical properties, reactions and many other interesting and important things. It is to be remembered that:

1. Chemistry is the study of substances, their structure, their properties, and their reactions.

2. Matter exists as solids, liquids, or gases.

3. Homogeneous material is material with the same properties throughout.

4. Heterogeneous material is material consisting of parts with different properties.

5. Compound is a substance that can be decomposed into two or more substances.

6. Substance is a homogeneous species of matter with definite chemical composition.

7. Chemical reactions are the processes that convert substances into other substances.

8. Alloy is a metallic material containing two or more elements.

Запам’ятайте слова і словосполучення.

to deal with composition to develop

property to accompany development

to undergo to be concerned origin

entirely with to learn

to surround equal substance

relationship to discover to exist

external discovery homogeneous

to introduce practically heterogeneous

phenomena to consist of

Ex. 5 Дайте відповіді на питання

1. What do you know about chemistry? 2, What does chemistry study? 3. What does chemistry deal with? 4. Why is chemistry one of the fundamental sciences? 5. When did sufficient facts about chemistry appear? 6. When did modern chemistry begin? 7. Who was the first to study quantita­tively the relationship between the volume of a gas and the external pressure upon it? 8. What did Lavoisier introduce? 9. Who discovered regularities in the properties of the ele­ments? 10. What can you tell about the future of chemistry?

Ex. 6. Перекажіть текст використовуючи наступний план.

1. The definition of chemistry.

2. The relation of chemistry to other fields of science.

3. The origin of chemistry.

4. The great chemist Robert Boyle and his theory.

5. A. Avogadro's formulation of molecules.

6. D. I. Mendeleyev's Periodic Law. 7._ Great scientists of the J9th century. 8. The future of chemistry.

Ex. 7 Найдіть рядок де всі слова прикметники

1. chemical, naturally, fundamental;

2. entirely, practically, possible, physically;

3. possibly, artificially, entirely, naturally;

4. practically, artificially, original, possibly;

5. different, impossible, original.

Ex. 8. Поставте дієслова в the Past Indefinite Tense :

to learn, to deal with, to accompany, to create, to study, to change, to undergo, to place, to take, to begin, to contain, to make, to go, to be.

Ex. 9 Знайдіть речення де слово "change" є присудком:

1. This is an example of a chemical change, since a chemi­cal change results in permanent changes of properties. 2. The properties of this substance change when we heat it. 3. The change from one state into another was accompanied by the evolution of heat. 4. The colour of the solution changed after the reaction, 5. Great changes took place in our laboratory, it became one of the largest in our institute. 6. Nuclear changes may be shown by equations. 7. One form of energy may be changed into another. 8, The temperature at which the exper­iments were made changed between room temperature and 1,400 deg. C.

Ex. 10 Перекладіть речення, звертаючи увагу на різні значення слова «matter»

1. Mass is the quantity of matter in a special specimen. 2. Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with different substances or varieties of matter. 3. It is a matter of common observation that matter exists in three states. 4.Though this substance is of organic origin it is still a matter of some doubt whether it is of animal or vegetable origin. 5. As a matter of fact this discovery was not a new one, but still it was very interesting. 6. No matter what results we get we shall continue our work. 7. It doesn't matter when he comes, we shall begin our experiment without him, and later we shall show him the results. 8. Changes in matter can't be without changes in energy. 9. Matter is that which makes up the uni­verse, matter is the reality. 10. It is known that mass is a quantity of matter that makes a body. 11. The concentration of mineral matter in sea water slowly increases. 12. Sea water contains approximately 3.6 per cent of mineral matter in solution. 13. The forms of motion of matter are diverse.;

Ex. 11 Перекладіть речення

1. The article dealt with the changes which took place during the reaction. 2. Lomonosov devoted his life to the de­velopment of Russian science. 3. If doesn't matter what meth­od we will employ in our work. 4. Different matters can be classified according to their properties. 5. The students of these two departments attend the same lectures. 6. The science that is concerned with the composition of bodies and with the changes of composition they undergo is chemistry. 7. It is a matter of common observation that discovery of the electron was the beginning of a new era in all the sciences. 8. Inorganic chemistry is concerned with mineral substances, organic chemistry deals with the compounds of carbon. 9. The experi­mental method involves some observations of phenomena which take place in nature. 10. Chemical reactions are accompanied by definite changes in energy.

Ex. 12. Перекладіть текст, використовуючи словник.

Analytical chemistry deals with the methods of separation. Synthetic chemistry deals with the methods by which complex bodies can be built from simpler substances. Physical chemistry deals with changes of state and with the motions of molecules. But at the present time the scientists don't maintain this definition.

The discovery of X-rays, an electron, and radioactivity marked a new era in all sciences and in chemistry. It was a very important discovery in science. It plays an important part in the development of geology and physiology, in technology and in chemical engineering.

Chemistry deals with medicine and agriculture as they are all concerned with the properties and changes of chemical substances.

Ex. .13 Перекладіть текст, перекажіть його.