Vocabulary

1. free-market system – рыночная система

2. majority – большинство

3. productive resources – средства производства

4. to be privately owned - находиться в частной собственности

5. free enterprise – свободное предпринимательство

6. private ownership on smth – частная собственность на что-либо

7. to ensure – обеспечивать, гарантировать

8. to prevent flagrant abuses – предотвращать вопиющие нарушения

9. to dampen inflation – снижать инфляцию

10. to involve in – вовлекать во что-либо

11. social welfare program – программа социального обеспечения

12. to support and promote the development of agriculture – поддерживать и поощрять развитие с/х

13. to set economic policy – устанавливать экономическую политику

14. interaction (of smth) – взаимодействие

15. profit – прибыль

16. to assure reasonable competition – обеспечивать разумную конкуренцию

17. a range of services – спектр услуг

18. to include – включать в себя

19. to compete with smth (smb) – конкурировать с чем-либо, кем-либо

20. to be driven from the market – быть вытесненным с рынка

21. objectives – цели и задачи

22. price and income stability – стабильность цен и доходов

23. environmental preservation – сохранение, охрана окружающей среды

24. to outnumber – превышать

Exercises

Exercise 1. The table shows how words are formed around the verb produce. List all the words you can make from the table and use them in suitable blanks in the sentences.

	e	r
produc	t	iv(e)	ity
		ion

NOTE the difference in pronunciation between produce and product.

1. The company _______ a new commodity every day.

2. The company’s newest _______ is a special blue soap powder.

3. The _______ of soap powders met last year to discuss prices.

4. That factory is not as _______ now as it was five years ago.

5. The _______ of that factory has gone down over the last five years.

6. The manager of the factory has decided that they must increase their _______ of packets of soap powder.

Exercise 2. Make these words negative by adding the prefix in- and altering it to suit the consonant which follows. Make up five sentences of your own with the following adjectives in their negative forms.

EXAMPLE legal in + legalillegal

probable in + probableimprobable

regular in + regularirregular

practical	possible	responsible
mobile	proper	rational
legible	logical	personal
relevant

Exercise 3. Each of the adjectives listed below is derived from a noun.

EXAMPLE noun ‘object’  adjective ‘objective’

Find the nouns from which these adjectives are derived, and then use them in the appropriate blanks in the sentences.

subjective	scientific	capitalistic
industrial	monopolistic	productive
successful	geographical	prestigious
natural

1. Economics is a _______.

2. Most new businesses need _______ in order to obtain accommodation, machinery and materials.

3. Coal-mining is a major _______.

4. The government has a _______ of the sale of sugar, because no one else is permitted to sell it.

5. The new _______ is a special kind of soap powder.

6. The factory has been a great _______ and its productivity is among the highest in the area.

7. National airlines usually have considerable _______ and people are often proud to be associated with them.

8. The _______ of the area suggests that building a new airport would be a difficult undertaking.

9. The _______ of the commodity makes it difficult to prevent the formation of monopolies.

10. The _______ of the discussion was the number of new employees to be engaged during the next year.

Exercise 4. Supply either the or a(n) in the blanks in these sentences.

EXAMPLE There is _______ demand for steel. ______demand for steel is increasing. There is a demand for steel. The demand for steel is increasing.

1. There is ______ shortage of bananas. _______ shortage of bananas will continue for some weeks.

2. There has been _______ change of government. _______ change in government will probably mean a change of policy. _______change of policy may lead to _______short period of instability. _______short period of instability could create _______ feeling of insecurity.

3. The speaker suggested _______special commission to study economic conditions. He said that _______ special commission should examine all aspects of national economic life. _______ commission should investigate _______ demand of _______ workers and ________conditions under which they work. It should also hear _______views of _______ employers. Such _______ commission would render _______ very valuable service to _______ nation.

Exercise 5. Insert a suitable preposition in each of the blanks in these sentences.

1. He is interested _______ economics.

2. He is not concerned _______ non-essential commodities.

3. The demand _______ bananas will probably increase.

4. The supply _______ cigarettes does not usually fluctuate.

5. The consumer’s need _______ such commodities is well-known.

6. There was a change _______the quantity of material supplied.

7. He paid quite a lot of money _______ that car.

8. He paid the money _______ that man.

9. The American economic system is based _______ capitalistic principles.

10. Most citizens conform _______ the law of the country in which they live.

11. Non-essential commodities like chocolates cannot be compared _______ basic necessities like shelter.

Exercise 6. Translate.

1. В отчете правительства сообщалось, что в прошлом году удалось снизить инфляцию на 10% и добиться стабильности цен и доходов.

2. Одним из пунктов предвыборной программы депутата была поддержка и развитие сельского хозяйства.

3. Наш сервисный центр предоставляет широкий спектр услуг по ремонту бытовой техники. (household appliances)

4. Новый закон призван обеспечивать разумную конкуренцию во всех сферах экономики.

5. Охрана окружающей среды стала основной темой конференции.

6. Мне кажется, что поставленные цели значительно превышают наши возможности.

7. Эта международная организация установила политику невмешательства во внутренние дела государств.

8. Рыночная система основана на принципе свободного предпринимательства.

9. Низкий уровень прибыли может привести к тому, что наша компания будет вытеснена с рынка.

10. Большинство программ социального обеспечения финансируются федеральным правительством.