III. Complete the sentence:

TEXT A

1. Terrorist violence may be perpetrated by rebels in opposition to an established social order or it may be inflicted by a …

2. Terrorist acts are designed and intended to attract wide publicity and …

3. These acts are intended to achieve political or religious goals, not for …

4. The central item that distinguishes terrorism from other kinds of coordinated violence is …

TEXT B

1. … used arbitrary arrest, torture, and exe­cution to punish what is viewed as religious heresy.

2. The use of terror was openly advocated by Robespierre as a means of encouraging revo­lutionary virtue during …, leading to the period of his political dominance called the …

3. Terrorism's public impact has been greatly magnified by the use of …

4. Modern terrorism differs from that of the past because …

TEXT C

1. … is defined by some as violence upon a national population committed by national governments or their proxies.

2. During the course of the second half of the twentieth century, various countries began to use terrorist organizations to promote …

3. …terrorism involves frequent attacks of foreign-born immigrants and may qualify as either or both racist or ethnist, xenophobic.

4. …is terrorism that uses cracking and Internet-based attacks in the service of terrorism

5. Repressive terrorism is the use of systematic, centralized violence to suppress, put down, and restrain certain groups, such as dissidents

6. Criminal terrorists are differentiated from political terrorists because…

Vocabulary exercises

1. Consult the Topical Vocabulary and learn expressions with the word “terrorism”. Learn them by heart and use in the sentences of your own.

II. Find the odd word:

1. All progressive world wants … terrorism.

a) to eliminate,

b) to uproot,

c) to end,

d) to instigate,

e) to cope with

2. Various countries began … terrorist organizations to promote state interests in the international domain.

a) to support

b) to sponsor

c) to thwart

d) to promote

3. The leaders of extremist organisations…terrorism.

a) instigate,

b) foment,

c) fuel

d) curb

e) incite

4.The main idea of this issue is… of terrorism.

a) condemnation

b) denunciation

c) renunciation

d) promotion

5.Some of Arab countries don’t want to …

a) reject

b) renounce

c) give up

d) stop

e) to be involved in

III.Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian /Russian:

1. There is no universally accepted definition of terrorism. According to expert Walter Laqueur, "the only general characteristic generally agreed upon is that terrorism involves violence and the threat of violence."

2. Terrorist violence may be perpetrated by rebels in opposition to an established social order or it may be inflicted by a state upon its own citizens or those of another state.

3. Some, particularly political conservatives, claim that only acts of "revolutionary" violence should be considered terrorist in nature; Thus, terrorism, can loosely be defined as the use of violence to bring about a change in a particular social order.

4. The central item that distinguishes terrorism from other kinds of coordinated violence is the often-random choice of targets, giving the appearance of senselessness and chaos.

5. The actual definition of terrorism is not as much debated as which parties and which acts of violence are to be labeled "terrorist."

6. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror or unpredictable violence against governments, publics, or individuals to attain a political ob­jective.

7. Any act of violence is certain to at­tract television coverage, which brings the event directly into millions of homes and exposes viewers to the terrorists' demands, grievances, or political goals.

8. State terrorism is defined by some as violence upon a national population committed by national governments or their proxies.

9. Some of these actions, such as mass imprisonment and using violence against peaceful demonstrators, would be classified by some as state terrorism.

10. Notable examples include Neo-Nazi groups, but most who engage in violence for ethnic or racial causes qualify.

11. Revolutionary terrorism is the use of systemic, terroristic violence to bring about a revolution.