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Comprehension check

I. Answer the following questions to check how carefully you have read the texts:

TEXT A

1. What does the definition of terrorism consist of?

2. What definition of terrorism is given by British Terrorism Act 2000 and

Current US national strategy?

3. What are further criteria that are sometimes applied to this definition?

4. What excludes such criteria as Target Objective Dominance?

5. What distinguishes terrorism from other kinds of coordinated violence?

6. How can the notion “terror” be defined in the framework of social order?7.

7. What is the tendency to use the term ‘terrorism”?

8. Does Chomsky agree that is used to describe a type of behavior?

9. Have the terms "terrorism" and "terrorist" lost any distinction with other

political terms in post- 9/11 Western society?

TEXT B

  1. What objectives are usually pursued by terrorism?

  2. What was the role and place of terrorism throughout centuries and throughout the world?

  3. Can terrorism be used in the framework of a state policy? Speak of such cases in history.

  4. Do you think terrorism is the only means of settling various con­flicts in societies?

  5. Speak of the role of communications media in terrorism's public impact.

TEXT C

1. Why is “state terrorism” a controversial term?

2. What are the reasons of supporting beneficionary terrorist organizations by

a patron state?

3. What is “state terrorism”?

4. What are the methods of state terror? Give examples.

5. What does “ethnic terrorism “involve?

6. What are the characteristic features of domestic and cyber terrorism?

Give examples.

7. What is the target of political terrorism?

8. What are the types of political terrorism?

II. Now decide whether the statement is true or false; correct those that are wrong:

TEXT A

  1. Terrorist violence may be perpetrated by rebels in opposition to an established social order or it may be inflicted by a state upon its own citizens or those of another state.

  2. Walter Laqueur: "Terrorism constitutes the illegitimate use of force to achieve a political objective when guilty people are targeted."

  3. The Holocaust and other cases of genocide, which are undertaken to intimidate not to exterminate, and which are usually hidden rather than publicized.

  4. Some, particularly political conservatives, claim that acts of "revolutionary" violence cannot be considered terrorist in nature.

  5. Terrorism, can loosely be defined as the use of violence to bring about a change in a particular social order.

TEXT B

  1. The practice of using terrorism in its form of unpredictable violence

throughout the contemporary world cannot be denied.

  1. But for terror during the French Revolution Robespierre would have

never entered the period of his political dominance.

  1. Technological advances of the 20th century brought no changes into the

practice of terrorism.

  1. In order to encourage adherence to the national ideology and the declared

political goals of the state Nazi Germany put no obstacles to terrorism.

  1. The anarchists of the 19th century were always close to the political

mainstream and put forward quite realistic demands.

  1. Due to modern communications media, millions of viewers are di­rectly

exposed to the terrorists' political goals.

TEXT C

  1. States have established "puppet" terrorist organizations, whose purpose is to act on behalf of the sponsoring state, to further the interests of the state, and to represent its positions in domestic or regional fronts.

  2. Unfair trial, torture and extrajudicial execution are said to be common practices of anarchist terror, often used to terrorize domestic populations by sovereign or proxy regimes.

  3. According to Amnesty International (1997), in 1996, out of 150 countries surveyed, 28 had committed torture.

  4. There is no distinction between terrorists that use available technology and the pure cyber-terrorists.

  5. Terrorists either reject current moral values as the ideology of the status quo or they hold an amoral outlook, and they claim with their actions that humanitarian considerations can be sacrificed along with human life for a greater political end.

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