Unit 1 the world of diplomacy

Text A. Diplomacy. Text B. History and the Evolution of Diplomacy. Text C. The Challenges of Modern Diplomacy. Diplomatic terms: ambassador, diplomacy, diplomat, diplomatist, diplomatic corps, embassy. Latin Words and Phrases: ad hoc, vice versa, de facto, de jure, viva voce, mutais mutandis.

Diplomacy is thinking twice before saying nothing.

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DIPLOMATIC TERMS:

1. Ambassador: the personal representative of a country's head of state at the capital of another country. An ambassador is the nation's highest ranking diplomat in the other country. The per­son's full title is ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary. An ambassador heads a country's embassy in the foreign capital. The staff may number several hundred people, including minister-counselors. Counselors, diplomatic secretaries, consul offic­ers, attaches and clerks. The ambassador carries on negotiations with the foreign government that deal with the political, economic and internal relations between the two nations. The ambassador provides the official channel of communication by maintaining contacts with the head of state, the foreign minister and other officials.

2. Diplomacy: the conduct of negotiations between persons, groups, or nations. Used formally, it usually refers to international diplomacy, the conduct of international relations through the intercession of (usually) professional diplomats. Once concerned most prominently with royal dynastic marriage-alliances and questions of war and peace, diplomacy now concerns itself more with issues of trade and culture. In an informal or social sense, diplomacy often refers to the phrasing of statements in a tactful, non-confrontational, or social manner.

3. Diplomat: one engaged in diplomacy, esp. accredited to a seat of government in the receiving state; an adroit negotiator; tactful person.

4. Diplomatist: it has the same meaning as "diplomat". An outdated word rarely used now in spoken diplomacy but occasionally still appearing in the literature of diplomacy.

5. Diplomatic Corps: the body of foreign diplomats assembled at a nation's capital. In cities

where consuls and consul general are resident, they are collectively known as the consular corps. The dean of both corps is usually that official who had been at his post the longest. There are exceptions to this later rule, however. For example, in some Catholic countries, the papal nuncio is always the dean. The dean represents the corps in collective dealings with host country officials on matters of a ceremonial or administrative character affecting the corps as a whole.

6. Embassy: (the residence of) a diplomatic body headed by an ambassador.

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LATIN WORDS AND PHRASES:

1. ad hoc – специальный, для данного случая; с определенной целью;

2. de facto – в силу факта; в действительности;

3. de jure – в силу закона; формально;

4. mutatis mutandis - c необходимыми изменениями (поправками), с известными

оговорками;

5. vice versa – наоборот, обратно;

6. viva voce – в устной форме, в беседе, при разговоре.

TEXT A

PRE-TEXT EXERCISES