Типи умовних речень (Types of conditional sentences)

Тип	Приклад	Дія
1.	If the weather is fine tomorrow, If + підмет + Present Indefinite, we will go to the country. Підмет + will + V1	Реальна, майбутній час Якщо завтра буде гарна погода, ми поїдемо за місто.
2.	If I saw my friend tomorrow, If + підмет + Past Indefinite(V2/-ed,were), I would ask him about it. Підмет + would + V1	Малоймовірна, теперішній або майбутній час Якщо б я зустрів свого товариша завтра, я спитав би його про це.
3.	If he had come yesterday in time, If + підмет + Past Perfect(had+ v3), we would have finished our translation. Підмет + would + have + V3	Неймовірна, минулий час Якщо б він прийшов вчора вчасно, ми би закінчили переклад.

Інверсія: If підмет had V₃ = Had підмет V₃…

If підмет were = Were підмет…

e.g. Had he read yesterday’s newspapers he could have told us the current events – Якщо б він прочитав вчорашні газети, він би розповів нам нинішні новини.

Were he present now he would tell you what has happened to him – Якщо б він був зараз тут, він би розповів тобі, що з ним трапилось.

Exercise 14. Translate the sentences. Write down the type of Conditional.

1. If I live in the South, I will bathe in the sea every day.

2. If I had received his letter, I would be very happy.

3. He would have found everything about illness on condition that he had gone to the library.

4. I would invent a time machine supposing I were a scientist.

5. If he is polite, he will be invited to that party.

6. If she were a composer, she would write beautiful music.

7. Had my friend tried harder, he would have succeeded.

8. If I had lived in 1703, I wouldn't have had a computer.

9. She would be able to get a job more easily, if she could

type.

10. If my mother won a million pounds, she would spend them as

fast as possible.

11. Had his friend been in the mood, they would have gone to the cinema last night.

12. Were you sorry about your words, you wouldn't behave like that.

13. If I don't work systematically, I will fail an exam.

Exercise 15. Match a line from column A with a line from column B to form a meaningful sentence beginning it with if:

Example: If you don’t hurry , you’ll be late. — Якщо ти не поквапишся , ти запізнишся.

A		B

you don't hurгy you pass the exam you fail the exam you don't want this magazine you want those pictures you're busy now you're hungry you need money

we can have lunch now you can have them I can lend you some you'll get a certificate you'll be late I'll throw it away we can talk later you can try to pass it again

Exercise 16. Put the verb into the correct form.

Examples: If I knew (know) her number, I would telephone her.

I . wouldn’t buy (not/buy) that coat if I were you.

1. . I ……… (give) you a cigarette if I had one but I'm afraid I haven't.

2. . This soup would taste better if there (be) more salt in it.

3. . If you (not/go) to bed so late every night, you wouldn't be so tired all the time.

4. . I wouldn't mind living in England if the weather (be) better.

5. . I'd help you if I (can) but I'm afraid I can't.

6. . If I were you, I (not/marry) him.

7. . We would happily buy that house if it (not/be) so small.

Exercise 17. Read a situation and write a sentence with if.

Example:

The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly. If the driver in front hadn’t stopped so suddenly, the accident wouldn’t have happened.

1. She didn't eat anything because she wasn't hungry.

If she ………………………………………………

2. I didn't wake George because I didn't know whether he wanted to get up early.

If I …………………………………………………

3. I was able to buy the car because Jim lent me the money.

If ………………………………………………......

4. She wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat-belt. If …...........................................................................

5. You were hungry in the morning because you didn't have breakfast.

If ……………………………………………………

6. Mr. Brown didn’t go on a holiday because he didn’t have time.

If ……………………………………………………

7. I didn’t see the Tower of London because I didn’t go on an excursion.

If ……………………………………………………

8. She didn’t buy the coat because she didn’t have enough money

If …………………………………………………..

9. He didn’t ask that question because it wasn’t important to him.

If ……………………………………………………

Exercise 18. Open the brackets using Conditional I, II, III.

1. If Kharkiv weren’t the main industrial centre of Ukraine, there (not to be found) such products as turbines, motor engines, tractors in many parts of the CIS (the Commonwealth of Independent States) and abroad.

2. If I (to be) you, I would enter the State Academy of Railway Transport.

3. If my relatives come to Kharkiv, I (to advise) them to visit the State Museum of Fine Arts.

4. We (can) meet in the State Scientific Library named after Kokrolenko yesterday, if I had had free time.

5. If there (not to be) so many institutes in Kharkiv, it wouldn’t be called the city of institutes.

6. If she sees Liberty (Svobody) Square, she (to understand) that it is the largest square in Europe.

Exercise 19. Read the text about the sightseeing in Kharkiv. Fill in the gaps using the words given below:

(to commemorate the victory, have been presented, chiming clock, at the city and its dwellers, Not far from, of a group of blocks, was founded, burns at the foot, a unique picture, is located close to, venue of festivals, took place)