VII. Write the following sentences in the Past and Future Indefinite Tenses. Make them negative and interrogative. Ask all possible questions (see p. 48):

1. He must go to the Institute by bus.

2. You may do your home-work in the reading-hall.

3. She can answer these questions well.

VIII. Translate the following noun-groups:

electricity application; transmission lines; science progress; electricity sources; power plants; laboratory work; molecule size; communication system; electrification problem; wave length; hydrogen atom diameter; atom speed; generator operation.

Laboratory work 3

Ex. 1. Listen and repeat the following words and word-groups, translate them into Russian:

Electricity Purpose with the development of science other kinds of signals in all the branches of life any point of the country through transmission lines agriculture and industry a power plant

Automation thought because possible as means of science progress to do by hand a vacuum cleaner common sources

primitive a neighbour a magnet to operate a refrigerator to produce a generator

Ex. III. Answer the following questions:

1. What age do we live in?

2. The last century was the age of steam, wasn't it?

3. What common sources of electricity do you know?

4. Did primitive man have to do work by hand?

5. Modern man doesn't depend upon fire and smoke, does he?

Ex. IV. Repeat the following sentences after the speaker and translate them into Russian paying

attention to the Modal verbs:

1. We can apply electricity for many purposes.

2. You will be able to apply electricity in all the branches of life.

3. In modern homes we may use electricity to operate washing machines.

4. In the past people had to use steam to do work.

Ex. V. Give Russian equivalents to the following noun-groups:

1. electricity application; 6. science progress;

2. power plants; 7. the steam age;

3. transmission lines; 8. electricity sources;

4. communication systems; 9. electrification problem;

5. communication means; 10. generator operation.

Ex. VI. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative as in:

Model I. We can do this work by hand.

We cannot (can't) do this work by hand.

Can we do this work by hand?

Now do it yourself:

1. They can use this system of communication. Model II. He must speak to his neighbour.

He must not (mustn't) speak to his neighbour.

Must he speak to his neighbour?

Now do it yourself:

2. They must pay attention to this problem. Model III. He may use these results everywhere.

He may not use these results everywhere.

May he use these results everywhere?

Now do it yourself:

3. She may use this device.

Ex. VII. Say the following sentences in the Past and Future Indefinite Tenses (Active Voice) as in

the Model:

You must know common sources of electricity.

You had to know common sources of electricity.

You will have to know common sources of electricity.

Now do it yourself:

1. Our people must build power plants.

2. We can apply electricity in our national economy

3. You may come to our meeting.

Ex. VIII. Use the proper form of the Modal verbs:

1. Now we ... use electricity in modern homes.

1. couldn't

2. may

3. had to

2. Our people ... apply electricity for very many purposes in the future.

1. were able to

2. will be able to

3. mustn't

3. Today we ... do work by hand. .

1. don't have to

2. will have to

3. had to

Ex. IX. Say if you agree or not to the following statements using correspondingly: you are right

— верно; you are not quite right — неверно.

1. In the past man had to use electricity to do work.

2. We shall be able to apply electricity much more with the development of science.

3. Electricity is important in the national economy.

4. We can apply electricity only in medicine.

Ex. X. Translate into English:

1. Где мы можем применять электричество? 2. Современный человек не зависит от огня и дыма. 3. Мы живем в атомный век, не так ли? 4. Мы строим много электростанций в нашей стране.

Modal verbs and their equivalents ( модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты)

CAN – выражает возможность что-нибудь сделать (могу, умею) MAY  разрешение  (можно)

MUST    долженствование ( приказание или совет). Should выражает наставление, рекомендацию, совет (на русский язык переводится - должен, должен бы, следует, следует бы ).

	Present (настоящее )	Past ( прошедшее)	Future ( будущее)
С А N	I can understand it. Я могу это понять I can't understand it. Я не могу этого понять Can you understand it? Ты можешь это понять?	I could do it last year. Я мог делать это в прошлом году I couldn't do it last year. Я не мог делать этого в прошлом году. Could you do it last year? Ты мог делать это в прошлом году?	(will) be able to I will be able to do it next week, Я смогу сделать это на следующей неделе I will not be able to do it next week. Я не смогу сделать этого на следующей неделе. Will you be able to do it next week? Ты сможешь сделать это на следующей неделе?
M U S T	We must come here every week-day. Мы должны приходить сюда каждый день. We mustn't come here on week-end. Мы не должны приходить сюда по выходным. Must you come here on Sundays? Должны мы сюда приходить по воскресеньям?	Had to I had to come here every night Я должен был приходить сюда каждый вечер. I didn't have to come here every evening. Я не должен был приходить сюда каждый вечер. Did you have to come here often? Ты должен был приходить сюда часто?	(will) have to You will have to come there late at night. Ты должен будешь прийти сюда поздно вечером. You won't have to come to us every day. Тебе не нужно будет приходить сюда каждый день. Will they have to come to you? Они должны будут прийти сюда ?
M A Y	You may come to see us any day. Ты можешь приходить в любой день. You may not take books out of the library. Ты не можешь брать книги из библиотеки. May I take a magazine home? Мне можно взять журнал домой?	Might We might come home very late in summer. Мы могли приходить домой поздно вечером летом. You might not tell it to him. Ты мог не говорить ему этого. Might you do it in the first year? Тебе можно было делать это на первом курсе?	(will) be allowed to They will be allowed to take part in the hike. Им разрешат пойти в поход. They will not be allowed to do it. Им не разрешат делать этого. Will he be allowed to use it at home? Можно будет ему пользоваться этим дома?