Laboratory work 4

Ex. I. Listen and repeat the following words and word-groups, translate them into Russian:

1. to notice; 24. a circuit;

2. the effect of attraction; 25. per unit of time;

3. light objects; 26. along the circuit;

4. substances; 27. an e.m.f.;

5. to behave; 28. to develop;

6. we know that; 29. to develop a magnetic field;

7. to electrify; 30. around the conductor;

8. one another; (each other); 31. the strength of the magnetic field;

9. together; 32. unidirectional;

10. dissimilar; 33. a direct current;

11. electrified; 34, an alternating current;

12. the nucleus; 35. through a conductor;

13. positively charged particles; 36. to cause;

14. to surround; 37. to change;

15. to consist of; 38. periodical;

16. however; 39. at regular intervals;

17. both; 40. a unit;

18. neutral; 41. to represent;

19. to produce; 42. in a second of time;

20. unlike; 43. an ammeter;

21. to lose; 44. an electron flow-indicating device;

22. an excess of electrons; 45. a magnetic effect;

23. quantity; 46. the number of turns.

Ex. II. Listen to the text.

Ex. III. Answer the following questions:

1. What does all matter consist of?

2. When is matter neutral?

3. What makes the electrons move?

4. What does the strength of the magnetic field depend upon?

5. An ammeter is an electron flow-indicating device, isn't it?

Ex. IV. Form Participle I of the following verbs end translate them into Russian:

I to rub; 8. to charge; 15. to develop;

to notice; 9. to surround; 16. to depend on;

to attract; 10. to consist of; 17. to cause;

to know; 11 to produce; 18. to change;

to electrify; 12. to lose; 19. to represent;

to have; 13. to flow; 20. to measure;

to contain; 14. to move; 21. to pass.

Ex. V. Repeat the following sentences after the speaker and translate them into Russian:

1. If we rub a piece of amber it will attract small light objects.

2. If you rub two dissimilar substances you will see that they will become electrified.

3. An atom having equal amounts of both charges is neutral.

4. Electrons are negatively charged units, surrounding the nucleus.

5. An atom losing some of its electrons becomes positively charged.

Ex. VI. Give Russian equivalents to the following noun-groups:

1 attraction effect; 7 magnetic field strength;

2 particle charger 8. field direction;

3 electrons excess; 9. current flow direction;

4 electron quantity; 10. flow rate;

5 time unit; 11. electrons number;

6 electron stream; 12. current strength;

13. electricity nature.

Ex. VII. Choose the proper Russian equivalents to:

1. conductor (проводимость, проводник, проводяыщй);

2. magnetic (магнитный, магнит, намагничивать);

3. unidirectional (направленный, направление, однонаправленный);

4. to electrify( электричество, электризовать, электрический);

5. to indicate( указывать, указание, указатель).

Ex. VIII. Say if you agree or not to the following statements using correspondingly: you are right — верно; you are not quite right — неверно.

1. If you rub a piece of amber it will repel light objects.

2. The electric current is a quantity of electrons flowing in a circuit per unit of time.

3. The ampere is the unit measuring the current strength,

4. The magnetizing effect of the current depends upon the direction of the current.

Ex. IX. Translate into English:

1. Вещество, имеющее равное количество обоих зарядов, электри­чески нейтрально. 2. Поток электронов в цепи создает магнитное поле вокруг проводника. 3. Напряженность магнитного поля за­висит от силы тока, не так ли?

Lesson 5.

Imagination- воображение To return - возвращаться Research - исследования Wire - провод Coil - катушка

Discovery - открытие To pass - пропускать To connect – связывать, соединять To place - помещать

Inside - внутри Handle - рукоятка Possible - возможный Induce - индуцировать Outside - снаружи

Michael Faraday and his experiments.

Michael Faraday was a great scientist and experimenter. He was born near London on the 22-d of September, 1791 in a poor family.

As a boy Michael did not study much. In 1804, when he was 13 he went to work in a bookbinder’s shop. He worked among books. He began to read them. They arouse his interest in science. He read different papers and made notes.

Once he read a paper of electricity and it struck his imagination. He began to attend different scientists lectures, among them Davy’s. Later Davy gave Faraday a chance to work with him.

Faraday went to Europe wit Davy and there he met Volta and Ampere. When Faraday returned to London he helped Davy in his research.

For five years Faraday studied electricity and different sciences and then he himself began to teach. Faraday made many different experiments. He did not make them only for himself but for other people as well. During his life he made more than two thousand experiments and made many great discoveries. One of his discoveries was the generation of electricity from magnetism.

Today great machines containing magnets generate electricity. But in those days people did not know how to do this.

Faraday made coils of wire and placed them round the magnet. He put wires and magnets in different ways and at last he got an electric current. He moved the magnet near the wire and he got an electric current in the wire. This was a great discovery in the history of electrical experiments.

But Faraday didn't stop at this: he got a current when he moved the wire instead of the magnet. Faraday put two separate coils round the iron (he also put two coils together without the iron) and passed a current through one coil. When he started the current in the first coil he got the current in the second coil. If he did not induce the current in the first coil, he didn't induce any current in the second one. After these experiments he made a machine. He placed a round plate of metal between the ends of a magnet and turned it round with a handle. He connected two wires with this plate: one wire with the outside part of the plate, the second one with the inside. When Faraday turned the plate the machine gave a current of electricity in those two wires. This was the beginning of all the great machines that produce electricity today, and it was Faraday who made this great discovery. This discovery made possible to change one form of energy into another. It was the beginning of the age of electricity.