12. Analyze Symbols.

What symbols or patterns of symbolism (or allegory) are present in the work? Are they important? Are the

symbols traditional, original or private?

What aspects of the work (e.g., theme, setting, plot, characterization) does the symbolism (allegory) serve to

explain, clarify, or reinforce?

Does the author’s use of symbolism (allergy) seem contrived or forces in any way, or does it arise naturally out

of the interplay of the story’s major elements?

13. What is the moral and massage of the work? Do you share the author's conception? If not, what can you oppose? Did the author achieved his purpose, did he manage to realize (and to what degree) his idea.

14. Make up a conclusion.

Clichés

In the first place, To begin with, To start with, First of all, First some introductory remarks as to…I should like to indicate/ outline… I’m indebted to mention… Firstly let me dwell upon….,To first thing which I’d like to note…, The key thing I’d like to start with is…, In the first place I’d like to draw your attention to…, I find little to say in favor of…, In the first place let me point out (emphasize, stress) the main features of …, The method of presentation of the material is… The author shares the conception… It needs to be said that…The thing that impressed me most of all is… It is of primary importance to point out that…, Touching upon the problem of.., Let’s consider the following questions… Before taking up this problem I’d like to throw light on…. The subject of my analysis is… I would like to note that… Nevertheless I have some remarks with regard to… Speaking about weaknesses of the work… The writer failed to… First some remarks on… Perhaps it will be problematic to… It seems that some items of the article lead us to the conclusion that… It is especially significant to… Alongside…he should…. You should take into account…I would like to raise some questions related to… There is no need to enumerate… This analysis is oriented forward to… This gives rise to the view that… I would like merely to say in this connection that… Within such a context… To make it more clear… If this interpretation tends to be correct… I have in mind here… All this provides a broad spectrum of…

Secondly, In the second place, In addition to that, Apart from that, What is more, Moreover, Besides, More than that, These assumptions call attention to… Thus we see that…in order to go more thoroughly into…Let’s switch over to…

Finally, Lastly, Above all, In conclusion, To sum up, Taking everything into account, All in all, All things considered, In brief, In short, In a word, In a nutshell, In other words, All that has been said points to… Perhaps some illustrations may be helpful here. Here is an illustrative explanation of… Previous investigations show… Strictly speaking (to be more precise)… From the standpoint of… Nevertheless, Some remarks on, It’s beyond doubt that, All the same, After all, In contrast, On the one hand, On the other hand ,The resume can be stated in two general observations…Thus I dare to conclude…That brings me to the end of my criticism. …That’s the way I look at things. Thank you for your attention.

ESTABLISHING FACTS In fact, The fact of the matter is that…, As a matter of fact, At first sight, On the face of it, In practice, In theory, In principle, etc.

EXPRESSING PERSONAL OPINION In my opinion, In my view, To my mind, As I see it, Personally, For my part, As far as I’m concerned, I believe/ consider/ reckon/ think/ suppose that…, As far as I can judge..,etc.